{"id":117761,"date":"2026-08-09T16:30:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kibrisdakik.com\/?p=117761"},"modified":"2026-08-09T16:30:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:30:54","slug":"hamit-caner-kadin-bedeni-piyasaya-sigmaz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kibrisdakik.com\/?p=117761","title":{"rendered":"HAM\u0130T CANER: KADIN BEDEN\u0130 P\u0130YASAYA SI\u011eMAZ"},"content":{"rendered":"

Seks i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini yaln\u0131zca \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr se\u00e7im\u201d diye anlatmak da, bu alandaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ma\u011fdur diye g\u00f6rmek de ger\u00e7e\u011fi eksiltir. As\u0131l soru \u015fudur: Kad\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc elinden almadan, onu ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, erkek talebinin, borcun ve \u015fiddetin insaf\u0131na da b\u0131rakmadan nas\u0131l bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kurulabilir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Seks i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, feminist hareketin en zor ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada yaln\u0131zca bir kavram\u0131 de\u011fil; kad\u0131n bedenini, yoksullu\u011fu, erkek talebini, kapitalizmi, patriyarkay\u0131, insan ticaretini, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve hak m\u00fccadelesini ayn\u0131 anda konu\u015fuyoruz.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 seks i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin b\u00fct\u00fcn bi\u00e7imlerini ve b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumsal cinsiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131klama iddias\u0131nda de\u011fil. Oda\u011f\u0131m, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ticari cinsellik alan\u0131ndaki konumu, \u00f6zellikle ekonomik e\u015fitsizlikle erkek talebinin kesi\u015fti\u011fi alan. Bu s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6nemli; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc feminist hareket bu konuda tek sesli de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da \u201cseks end\u00fcstrisi\u201d, \u201csekt\u00f6r\u201d ve \u201cpiyasa\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerini ba\u011flama g\u00f6re betimleyici anlamda kullan\u0131yorum; bunlardan biriyle cinselli\u011fin para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini pe\u015finen belirli bir emek kuram\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmiyorum. \u201cSeks i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 ise, kendisini b\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlayanlar\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zne olma talebini aktar\u0131rken koruyorum.<\/p>\n

Feminizm i\u00e7indeki siyasal ve kuramsal tart\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Radikal feminist \u00e7izgi, ticari cinsellik alan\u0131na \u00f6ncelikle patriyarka ve erkek talebi \u00fczerinden bakar. Andrea Dworkin ve Catharine MacKinnon i\u00e7in mesele, iki yeti\u015fkin aras\u0131ndaki n\u00f6tr bir piyasa i\u015flemi de\u011fil, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n cinsel olarak eri\u015filebilir k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha geni\u015f bir erkek egemenli\u011fi d\u00fczeninin par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r (Dworkin, 1993; MacKinnon, 1993). Carole Pateman da s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr tercih\u201d dilinin ard\u0131ndaki cinsiyetlendirilmi\u015f iktidar ili\u015fkisine dikkat \u00e7eker (Pateman, 1988).<\/p>\n

Liberal ve \u00f6zerklik eksenli feminist itiraz ba\u015fka bir yerden ba\u015flar. Yeti\u015fkin bir kad\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131 ve zorlama olmadan cinsel hizmet sunmay\u0131 se\u00e7mesi halinde, devletin ya da feminist hareketin onun yerine karar vermesi de vesayete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Martha Nussbaum, para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bedensel hizmet sunman\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na di\u011fer \u00fccretli emeklerden ahlaken b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle farkl\u0131 say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015farak bu se\u00e7ici damgalamay\u0131 sorgular (Nussbaum, 1998).<\/p>\n

Seks-pozitif ve seks i\u015f\u00e7isi haklar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bu itiraz\u0131 ileri ta\u015f\u0131r: Kad\u0131n yaln\u0131zca cinsel tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn nesnesi de\u011fil, cinsel bir \u00f6zne de olabilir. Kendi deneyimini \u201ci\u015f\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayan birine d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan \u201csen asl\u0131nda ne ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorsun\u201d demek, feminist korumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir tahakk\u00fcme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir. Seks i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri ve deneyimleri \u00fczerinden geli\u015fen literat\u00fcr, hak, g\u00fcvenlik, \u00f6zne olma ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme taleplerini merkeze al\u0131r (Kempadoo & Doezema, 1998).<\/p>\n

Sosyalist, materyalist ve feminist politik ekonomi okumalar\u0131 ise \u201cr\u0131za var m\u0131?\u201d sorusunu yeterli bulmaz; r\u0131zan\u0131n hangi maddi ko\u015fullarda verildi\u011fini de sorar. Bor\u00e7, i\u015fsizlik, bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fc, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik, bar\u0131nma ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal e\u015fitsizlik, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 konumlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirebilir. Jane Scoular\u2019\u0131n i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi, seks i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ya da zorlama\u201d ikili\u011fine indirgenemeyecek kadar karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r; hukuk da ayn\u0131 anda koruyan, g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren ve cezaland\u0131ran bir role b\u00fcr\u00fcnebilir (Scoular, 2004, 2015).<\/p>\n

Kesi\u015fimsel ve postkolonyal feminist yakla\u015f\u0131m da \u00f6nemli bir uyar\u0131 yapar: \u201cKad\u0131n\u201d tek ve homojen bir kategori de\u011fildir. S\u0131n\u0131f, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik stat\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0131rksalla\u015ft\u0131rma, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, ya\u015f ve bak\u0131m sorumluluklar\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hareket alan\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r (Crenshaw, 1989; Kempadoo & Doezema, 1998). Varl\u0131kl\u0131, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k g\u00fcvencesi olan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilen biriyle; g\u00f6\u00e7men, bor\u00e7lu, bar\u0131nmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni i\u015fverenine ba\u011fl\u0131 biri ayn\u0131 ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7le se\u00e7im yapmaz.<\/p>\n

Feminist tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 iki slogana s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak yetmiyor: \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr se\u00e7imdir\u201d ya da \u201cmutlak s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d Ger\u00e7ek hayat \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bu iki c\u00fcmlenin aras\u0131nda, daha gri ve daha rahats\u0131z edici bir yerde ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir tarafta \u201cseks i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n damgalay\u0131c\u0131 dili k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunanlar var. Bunun dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ciddi bir hak ve sa\u011fl\u0131k problemi bulunuyor. UNAIDS\u2019in 2024 tematik notunda, raporlama yapan \u00fclkelerin medyan\u0131na g\u00f6re seks i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin y\u00fczde 26\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n son alt\u0131 ayda damgalanma ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fczde 14\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn bu nedenle sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine ba\u015fvurmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00fczde 21\u2019inin son 12 ayda \u015fiddete maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildiriliyor (UNAIDS, 2024).<\/p>\n

Bu rakamlar\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fey a\u00e7\u0131k: Mesele ahlak de\u011fil. Mesele can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131, damgalanma ve \u015fiddet.<\/p>\n

UNAIDS ve D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc de cezaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 hukuk d\u00fczenlemeleri ile yap\u0131sal engellerin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine eri\u015fimi zorla\u015ft\u0131rabildi\u011fini vurguluyor; seks i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin hak ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine eri\u015fimini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek, kriminalizasyonu azaltacak politikalar\u0131 destekliyor (UNAIDS, 2024; World Health Organization [WHO], 2022).<\/p>\n

Bunu g\u00f6rmezden gelmek do\u011fru olmaz. Ama bir alan\u0131n su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, feminist ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal ele\u015ftiriden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u201cSeks i\u015f\u00e7isi cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d demek ba\u015fka; \u201cticari cinsellik alan\u0131nda s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc yoktur\u201d demek ba\u015fka.<\/p>\n

Benim itiraz\u0131m tam burada ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir alan\u0131 \u201ci\u015f\u201d diye adland\u0131rmak, i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerini ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. O halde yoksullu\u011fa, borca, g\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fe, erkek talebine, bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fcne ve ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa bakmak gerekir. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi: Bir kad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir hayat kurma imk\u00e2n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten ne kadar vard\u0131r?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00e7emedi\u011fimiz alan<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Avrupa Hastal\u0131k \u00d6nleme ve Kontrol Merkezi\u2019nin 2024 raporu, seks i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin ne kadar eksik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de g\u00f6steriyor. Avrupa ve Orta Asya\u2019daki 55 \u00fclkeden yaln\u0131zca 20\u2019si, yani y\u00fczde 36\u2019s\u0131, 2018-2020 d\u00f6neminde seks i\u015f\u00e7isi n\u00fcfusuna ili\u015fkin bir tahmin bildirmi\u015fti. Bildirilen oranlar 100 bin n\u00fcfusta \u0130rlanda\u2019da 20\u2019den Moldova\u2019da 820\u2019ye kadar de\u011fi\u015fiyordu (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [ECDC], 2024).<\/p>\n

Bu say\u0131lar alan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vermiyor; veri a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. ECDC de sa\u011flam veri eksikli\u011finin risk, hizmetlere eri\u015fim ve \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131tlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kesin sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor (ECDC, 2024).<\/p>\n

Burada \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131m var: Veri yoklu\u011fu, sorunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaz; ama \u201cveri yok, \u00f6yleyse sorun da yok\u201d dememize de izin vermez. Gazetecili\u011fin i\u015fi yaln\u0131zca rakam\u0131 aktarmak de\u011fil, hangi verinin neden \u00fcretilmedi\u011fini de sormakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a bak\u0131nca<\/strong><\/h2>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda tart\u0131\u015fma teori olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Son y\u0131llarda gece kul\u00fcplerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlarla ilgili \u00f6l\u00fcmler, intihar, intihar giri\u015fimi ve \u015fiddet ihbarlar\u0131 kamuoyuna yans\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kan\u0131t\u0131n izin verdi\u011fi yerden ileri gitmemek gerekiyor. Bir kad\u0131n\u0131n gece kul\u00fcb\u00fcnde \u00f6lmesi, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn mutlaka insan ticaretinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; bir intihar giri\u015fimi de do\u011frudan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n sonucu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermez.<\/p>\n

Ama ayn\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni \u00e7evresinde \u00f6l\u00fcm, \u015fiddet ve a\u011f\u0131r ma\u011fduriyet vakalar\u0131 tekrarlan\u0131yorsa, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya de\u011fer hi\u00e7bir yap\u0131sal ili\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek de aceleci olur. Bu vakalar\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn kan\u0131t\u0131 de\u011fil, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015faretleri olarak okumak daha do\u011fru.<\/p>\n

2014\u2019te gece kul\u00fcb\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 26 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Fas uyruklu S\u0131ham Benchargui, ayn\u0131 i\u015f yerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan H\u00fcseyin Demiri ile birlikte silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. D\u00f6nemin haberleri ve dava s\u00fcrecine yans\u0131yan ifadeler, kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ften ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve failin sahiplenici tutumu etraf\u0131nda geli\u015fen bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kayda ge\u00e7irdi (Mente\u015f, 2014). Olay gece kul\u00fcplerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkilerini temsil etmez; ama erkek sahiplenmesinin \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl \u015fiddete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren yerel haf\u0131zan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2018\u2019de Belarus vatanda\u015f\u0131 26 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Volha Viarbouskaya, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gece kul\u00fcb\u00fcndeki odas\u0131nda bayg\u0131n bulundu ve hastanede ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Ard\u0131ndan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, pasaport uygulamalar\u0131 ve \u201cseks k\u00f6leli\u011fi\u201d iddialar\u0131 \u00fclke g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131; \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n toplant\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi (Karahasan, 2018). \u00d6l\u00fcm nedenini insan ticaretine ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in elimizde yeterli kan\u0131t yok. Ancak olay\u0131n devlet d\u00fczeyinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rejimi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

3 Mart 2025\u2019te Moldova vatanda\u015f\u0131 25 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Anastasia Melega, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gece kul\u00fcb\u00fcne ait odada \u00f6l\u00fc bulundu. Polis, y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ileri soru\u015fturmada Melega\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na son verdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 (G\u00fcndem K\u0131br\u0131s, 2025). \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha sonra Melega\u2019n\u0131n 14 \u015eubat 2025\u2019te \u201ckonsomatris\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere \u00f6n izinle \u00fclkeye geldi\u011fini ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni i\u015flemlerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirdi (K\u0131br\u0131s Kanal T, 2025c).<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Olay bununla kapanmad\u0131. Kad\u0131n ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeninin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na ili\u015fkin sorular\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Melega\u2019n\u0131n bir yak\u0131n\u0131, pasaportuna el konuldu\u011funu, \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nmek istedi\u011finde para talep edildi\u011fini ve bedeninde yaralar bulundu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc (K\u0131br\u0131s Kanal T, 2025a). Bunlar ciddi fakat kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir mahkeme karar\u0131yla kesinle\u015fmemi\u015f iddialar. Do\u011fru tutum, iddiay\u0131 h\u00fckme \u00e7evirmek de\u011fil, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve \u015feffaf bi\u00e7imde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemektir.<\/p>\n

15 Nisan 2025\u2019te ayn\u0131 i\u015fletme grubuna ba\u011fl\u0131 ba\u015fka bir gece kul\u00fcb\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir kad\u0131n\u0131n intihar giri\u015fiminde bulundu\u011fu haberle\u015ftirildi; hastaneye kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hayati tehlikesinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi (K\u0131br\u0131s Kanal T, 2025b). \u0130ki olay\u0131n ayn\u0131 nedenden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemeyiz. Ancak k\u0131sa aral\u0131klarla benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan a\u011f\u0131r vakalar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bi\u00e7imde incelenmesini istemek spek\u00fclasyon de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcstelik elimizde yaln\u0131zca tekil olaylar yok. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bilgi talebine Polis Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan verilen yan\u0131ta g\u00f6re, gece kul\u00fcplerinde son be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde 11 farkl\u0131 su\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fcnde 16 su\u00e7 veya su\u00e7 iddias\u0131 ihbar edildi. Bunlar\u0131n 12\u2019si \u201ckonsomatris\u201d olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlardan geldi (K\u0131br\u0131s Postas\u0131, 2025).<\/p>\n

Bu rakam iki bi\u00e7imde yanl\u0131\u015f okunabilir: \u201cYaln\u0131zca 16 ihbar var, demek ki ciddi sorun yok\u201d denebilir ya da 16 ihbar alan\u0131n eksiksiz foto\u011fraf\u0131 gibi sunulabilir. \u0130kisi de do\u011fru de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

\u0130hbar say\u0131s\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bildirilenleri s\u00f6yler; bildirilmeyenler hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilir bir tahmin vermez. As\u0131l soru \u015fu: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni, bar\u0131nma ve gelir bak\u0131m\u0131ndan i\u015fverene ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olabilen g\u00f6\u00e7men bir kad\u0131n\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yet mekanizmalar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 ne kadar kolayd\u0131r?<\/p>\n

\"semsiye.jpg\"<\/p>\n

R\u0131za nerede biter, zorlama nerede ba\u015flar?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hukuken 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmak ekonomik olarak \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmak anlam\u0131na gelmez. Re\u015fit olmak, gelirden bar\u0131nmaya, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden borca kadar hayat\u0131n maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda e\u015fit pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmak de\u011fildir. Ama yoksulluk i\u00e7inde al\u0131nan her karar\u0131 da otomatik olarak \u201czorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d sayamay\u0131z. \u0130nsanlar kapitalizm alt\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok i\u015fi ekonomik zorunluluk nedeniyle yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Peki ticari cinsellik alan\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka gelir getirici faaliyetlerden ay\u0131ran nedir?<\/p>\n

Burada bedensel ve cinsel mahremiyet, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 erkek talebi, \u015fiddet riski ve cinsiyetlendirilmi\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri ayn\u0131 yerde kesi\u015fiyor. \u201cBa\u015fka i\u015fler de zor ko\u015fullarda yap\u0131l\u0131yor\u201d demek bu y\u00fczden meseleyi kapatm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

R\u0131zan\u0131n bir de cinsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck taraf\u0131 var. Feminist cinsellik literat\u00fcr\u00fc, cinselli\u011fi yaln\u0131zca tehlike, tahakk\u00fcm ve \u015fiddet alan\u0131 olarak de\u011fil; haz, arzu ve \u00f6znele\u015fme alan\u0131 olarak da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131r (Vance, 1984). Cinselli\u011fin evlilik, aile, heteroseks\u00fcellik ve \u00fcreme etraf\u0131nda normla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, hangi arzular\u0131n me\u015fru, hangi pratiklerin sapk\u0131n ya da ahlak d\u0131\u015f\u0131 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tarihsel olarak bi\u00e7imlendirmi\u015ftir (Rich, 1980; Rubin, 1984).<\/p>\n

Erkek talebini de\u011fi\u015fmez, do\u011fal ve tarihd\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir veri sayarsak \u00f6nemli bir soruyu atlam\u0131\u015f oluruz. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc talep hangi patriyarkal cinsel normlar, hangi heteroseks\u00fcel d\u00fczenlemeler, hangi tabu ve yasaklar i\u00e7inde olu\u015fuyor? Cinselli\u011fin daha e\u015fit, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve yasaklarla daha az belirlenen bi\u00e7imlerde ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumda ticari talep bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bi\u00e7im ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekte s\u00fcrer miydi? Bunun kesin bir cevab\u0131 yok; varsaymak yerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekir (Rich, 1980; Rubin, 1984).<\/p>\n

Seks i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ile insan ticareti ya da zorla ticari cinsel s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ayn\u0131 kategori de\u011fildir. ILO, Walk Free ve IOM\u2019un k\u00fcresel tahminine g\u00f6re 2021\u2019de 27,6 milyon ki\u015fi zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndayd\u0131; 6,3 milyonu zorla ticari cinsel s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc kapsam\u0131ndayd\u0131 (International Labour Organization, Walk Free, & International Organization for Migration, 2022). ILO\u2019nun g\u00fcncel veri sayfas\u0131, kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n zorla ticari cinsel s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7indeki say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,9 milyon olarak veriyor (International Labour Organization [ILO], 2024).<\/p>\n

UNODC\u2019nin 2024 K\u00fcresel \u0130nsan Ticareti Raporu, tespit edilen ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 38\u2019inin \u00e7ocuk oldu\u011funu; cinsel s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc amac\u0131yla insan ticaretine maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 64\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn kad\u0131n, y\u00fczde 28\u2019inin k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildiriyor (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC], 2024).<\/p>\n

Bu veriler \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn seks i\u015f\u00e7ileri insan ticareti ma\u011fdurudur\u201d demiyor; b\u00f6yle bir sonu\u00e7 seks i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00f6zne olma hakk\u0131n\u0131 da siler. S\u00f6yledikleri \u015fu: Zorla ticari cinsel s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve insan ticareti ger\u00e7ek, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde cinsiyetlendirilmi\u015f olgulard\u0131r. Tart\u0131\u015fma bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rakamaz.<\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm tam burada: Ekonomik zorunluluk, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ge\u00e7im se\u00e7enekleri ve e\u015fitsiz pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc hangi noktada bor\u00e7land\u0131rma, tehdit, \u015fiddet, belgelere el koyma ya da \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolunun kapat\u0131lmas\u0131yla fiil\u00ee zorlamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor?<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7lik, beden ve ticari talep<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bir ba\u015fka tart\u0131\u015fma gen\u00e7lik ve beden \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ticari cinselli\u011fin baz\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerinde gen\u00e7lik ve \u201cgen\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcnme\u201d ekonomik de\u011ferle ili\u015fkilendirilebiliyor. Estetik m\u00fcdahaleler, beden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, m\u00fc\u015fteri talebinin par\u00e7as\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febiliyor.<\/p>\n

Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s \u00f6zelinde, estetik operasyonlar\u0131n i\u015fletmelerce sistematik bi\u00e7imde finanse edildi\u011fini ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bu yolla bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren g\u00fcvenilir, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir kamusal veri yok. Bu y\u00fczden saha anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 alan\u0131n genel \u00f6zelli\u011fi gibi sunamay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Veri a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu soruyu ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131yor. Tam tersine, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015flerini m\u00fc\u015fteri talebine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye iten ekonomik, kurumsal ve toplumsal bask\u0131lar\u0131n neden d\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormay\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n

Annelik konusunda da benzer bir veri a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. Baz\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklu, bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da tek ba\u015f\u0131na bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan anneler oldu\u011fu biliniyor; Anastasia Melega\u2019n\u0131n bir \u00e7ocuk annesi oldu\u011fu da yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131m\u0131na yans\u0131d\u0131 (K\u0131br\u0131s Kanal T, 2025a). Ancak \u201cseks i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00e7o\u011fu annedir\u201d gibi k\u00fcresel ya da K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir oran vermek i\u00e7in yeterli veri yok.<\/p>\n

\u201cSe\u00e7im\u201d kelimesi burada anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmiyor. Ama tek ba\u015f\u0131na da yetmiyor; as\u0131l mesele, se\u00e7imin hangi ko\u015fullarda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n

Peki nerede duraca\u011f\u0131z?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Baz\u0131 kad\u0131nlar yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cseks i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. \u201cFuhu\u015f\u201d kelimesini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ve damgalay\u0131c\u0131 buluyor; ahlak mahkemesinin nesnesi de\u011fil, hak sahibi bireyler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmek istiyorlar. Bu s\u00f6z\u00fc ciddiye almak gerekir. Feminist politika, ad\u0131na konu\u015ftu\u011fu kad\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc duymuyorsa kendi vesayetini yaratabilir.<\/p>\n

Ama ba\u015fka kad\u0131nlar da var. \u00c7\u0131kmak istiyorlar; bor\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, kiralar\u0131, belirsiz g\u00f6\u00e7menlik stat\u00fcleri veya ba\u015fka i\u015f bulamama korkular\u0131 var. Patrondan, arac\u0131dan ya da \u015fiddetten korkuyor olabilirler. Onlar\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc de ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ciddiye al\u0131nmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cBen se\u00e7tim\u201d diyeni susturmak ne kadar yanl\u0131\u015fsa, \u201c\u00e7\u0131kmak istiyorum ama \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yorum\u201d diyeni \u00f6zg\u00fcr se\u00e7im s\u00f6yleminin i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131lmak da o kadar yanl\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Tam da burada feminist kuramlar\u0131n birbirine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi itirazlardan \u00f6\u011frenmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bu farkl\u0131 feminist \u00e7izgilerin her biri ba\u015fka bir k\u00f6r noktay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131yor. Radikal feminizm<\/strong> erkek talebini ve patriyarkal g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerini hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Sosyalist ve materyalist okumalar,<\/strong> \u00f6zg\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fcnen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin arkas\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131fsal e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve metala\u015fmay\u0131 sorguluyor. Kesi\u015fimsel ve postkolonyal feminizm,<\/strong> b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 ekonomik ve hukuki g\u00fc\u00e7le se\u00e7im yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Liberal ve seks-pozitif \u00e7izgi<\/strong> de \u00f6nemli bir uyar\u0131da bulunuyor: Kad\u0131n\u0131 koruma ad\u0131na onun \u00f6zne olma hakk\u0131n\u0131 elinden almay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Bence sol feminist politika<\/strong> bu uyar\u0131lardan birini di\u011ferine feda etmek zorunda de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Seks i\u015f\u00e7isini cezaland\u0131rmamal\u0131. Sa\u011fl\u0131k, g\u00fcvenlik, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve hukuki korunma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ko\u015fulsuz savunmal\u0131. Kendi deneyimini adland\u0131rma hakk\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeli.<\/p>\n

Ama ayn\u0131 anda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 erkek talebini, arac\u0131y\u0131, patronu, borcu, g\u00f6\u00e7 rejimini, s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00e7aresizli\u011fi ve kad\u0131n bedeninden k\u00e2r \u00fcreten ekonomik yap\u0131y\u0131 sorgulamaktan vazge\u00e7memeli.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dekriminalizasyon, bu ticari d\u00fczenin ele\u015ftiriden muaf tutulmas\u0131 demek de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmadan sistemi ele\u015ftirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Hatta zorunludur.<\/p>\n

Devletin g\u00f6revi de yaln\u0131zca bir kad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, intihara te\u015febb\u00fcs etti\u011finde ya da a\u011f\u0131r yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7mak de\u011fildir. Kad\u0131n daha hayattayken bakmak gerekir: Pasaportuna ve kendi belgelerine eri\u015febiliyor mu? \u0130stedi\u011fi anda i\u015ften ayr\u0131labiliyor mu? \u00dccretini kendisi al\u0131yor mu? Bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor mu? \u015eiddet g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde g\u00fcvenle \u015fik\u00e2yet edebiliyor mu? Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine korkmadan ula\u015fabiliyor mu? \u00dclkesine d\u00f6nmek istedi\u011finde ger\u00e7ekten d\u00f6nebiliyor mu?<\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc yaln\u0131zca kap\u0131n\u0131n kilitli olup olmamas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n\u0131n o kap\u0131dan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi ba\u015fka bir hayat\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki u\u00e7tan birine s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmak zorunda de\u011filiz. Hak m\u00fccadelesi s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131lmamal\u0131; s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ele\u015ftirisi de bu alandaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmamal\u0131.<\/p>\n

As\u0131l mesele kad\u0131nlar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamak de\u011fil, kad\u0131n bedeninden para kazanan d\u00fczeni sorgulamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

As\u0131l mesele kad\u0131nlar\u0131 mahk\u00fbm etmek de\u011fil, onlar\u0131 borca, yoksullu\u011fa, \u015fiddete, gen\u00e7lik bask\u0131s\u0131na ve erkek talebine mahk\u00fbm eden ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmektir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mesele yaln\u0131zca \u201cseks\u201d de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Mesele, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bedenleri ve cinselliklerinin hangi ko\u015fullarda, kimlerin talebiyle, kimlerin k\u00e2r\u0131 i\u00e7in ve hangi e\u015fitsizlikler i\u00e7inde ticari ili\u015fkinin par\u00e7as\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Feminist siyasetin en zor sorusu da belki tam burada duruyor:<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc elinden almadan, onu piyasaya da terk etmeden nas\u0131l bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kuraca\u011f\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989<\/i>(1), 139\u2013167. https:\/\/chicagounbound.uchicago.edu\/uclf\/vol1989\/iss1\/8\/<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

Dworkin, A. (1993). Prostitution and male supremacy. Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, 1<\/i>(1), 1\u201312. https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/mjgl\/vol1\/iss1\/1<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2024). HIV and sex workers: Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on partnership to fight HIV\/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2022 progress report<\/i>. ECDC. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/hiv-and-sex-workers-monitoring-implementation-dublin-declaration-partnership<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

G\u00fcndem K\u0131br\u0131s. (2025, 4 Mart). Ac\u0131 haber… 25 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayat\u0131na son verdi<\/i>. https:\/\/www.gundemkibris.com\/aci-haber-25-yasinda-hayatina-son-verdi<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

International Labour Organization. (2024). Data and research on forced labour<\/i>. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/topics\/forced-labour-modern-slavery-and-trafficking-persons\/data-and-research-forced-labour<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

International Labour Organization, Walk Free, & International Organization for Migration. (2022). Global estimates of modern slavery: Forced labour and forced marriage<\/i>. International Labour Organization. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54394\/CHUI5986<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

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Karahasan, S. (2018, 27 \u015eubat). Konsomatris gece kul\u00fcb\u00fcnde \u00f6ld\u00fc, bakanlar acil topland\u0131. Demir\u00f6ren Haber Ajans\u0131<\/i>. https:\/\/www.dha.com.tr\/dunya\/konsomatris-gece-kulubunde-oldu-bakanlar-acil-toplandi-1566719<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

Kempadoo, K., & Doezema, J. (Eds.). (1998). Global sex workers: Rights, resistance, and redefinition<\/i>. Routledge. https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Global-Sex-Workers-Rights-Resistance-and-Redefinition\/Kempadoo-Doezema\/p\/book\/9780415918299<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s Kanal T. (2025a, 17 Nisan). Anastasia Melega\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yeni detaylar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/i>. https:\/\/www.kanalt.com\/anastasia-meleganin-olumunde-yeni-detaylar-ortaya-cikti<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s Kanal T. (2025b, 15 Nisan). Ayn\u0131 i\u015fletme grubuna ait bir ba\u015fka gece kul\u00fcb\u00fcnde intihar giri\u015fimi<\/i>. https:\/\/www.kanalt.com\/ayni-isletme-grubuna-ait-bir-baska-gece-kulubunde-intihar-girisimi<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s Kanal T. (2025c, 14 Mart). \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan Anastasia Melega a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131: \u00d6n izinliydi<\/i>. https:\/\/www.kanalt.com\/icisleri-bakanligindan-anastasia-melega-aciklamasi-on-izinliydi<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s Postas\u0131. (2025, 29 Nisan). Gece kul\u00fcplerinden son 5 y\u0131lda 16 ihbar: 12\u2019si \u201ckonsomatris\u201d kad\u0131nlara ait<\/i>. https:\/\/www.kibrispostasi.com\/c35-KIBRIS_HABERLERI\/n559465-gece-kuluplerinden-son-5-yilda-16-ihbar-12si-konsomatris-kadinlara-ait<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

MacKinnon, C. A. (1993). Prostitution and civil rights. Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, 1<\/i>(1), 13\u201331. https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/mjgl\/vol1\/iss1\/2<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

Mente\u015f, D. (2014, 12 Eyl\u00fcl). Uzman \u00c7avu\u015f 2 ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. YEN\u0130D\u00dcZEN<\/i>. https:\/\/www.yeniduzen.com\/service\/amp\/uzman-cavus-2-kisiyi-oldurdu-42237h.htm<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

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Pateman, C. (1988). The sexual contract<\/i>. Stanford University Press. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Yys3lwEACAAJ<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

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Rubin, G. S. (1984). Thinking sex: Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality. In C. S. Vance (Ed.), Pleasure and danger: Exploring female sexuality<\/i> (pp. 267\u2013319). Routledge & Kegan Paul. https:\/\/openlibrary.org\/books\/OL2846298M\/Pleasure_and_danger<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

Scoular, J. (2004). The \u201csubject\u201d of prostitution: Interpreting the discursive, symbolic and material position of sex\/work in feminist theory. Feminist Theory, 5<\/i>(3), 343\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1464700104046983<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

Scoular, J. (2015). The subject of prostitution: Sex work, law and social theory<\/i>. Routledge. https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/The-Subject-of-Prostitution-Sex-Work-Law-and-Social-Theory\/Scoular\/p\/book\/9780415792271<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2024). Global report on trafficking in persons 2024<\/i>. United Nations. https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/data-and-analysis\/glotip\/2024\/GLOTIP24_special_points_final.pdf<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

Vance, C. S. (1984). Pleasure and danger: Toward a politics of sexuality. In C. S. Vance (Ed.), Pleasure and danger: Exploring female sexuality<\/i> (pp. 1\u201327). Routledge & Kegan Paul. https:\/\/openlibrary.org\/books\/OL2846298M\/Pleasure_and_danger<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

World Health Organization. (2022). Consolidated guidelines on HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations<\/i>. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240052390<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

Hamit Caner<\/u><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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