![\"\"](\"https:\/\/brtk.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/21\/kremlin-reu-1773993_2.jpg?ver=915add518ef80aa3e931f3fc738342e5\")
<\/div>\nRusya, Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 24 \u015eubat 2022\u2019den bu yana tarihin en kapsaml\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na maruz kal\u0131rken, \u00fclke ekonomisindeki yeni ko\u015fullara uyum s\u00fcreci bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli zorluklarla devam ediyor.
Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ba\u015flayan Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle Rusya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik ba\u015fta finans ve enerji alanlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere y\u00fczlerce farkl\u0131 kalemde yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 devreye ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ilk etkisi Rus rublesinin dolar<\/a> kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda h\u0131zla de\u011fer kaybetmesiyle hissedilirken, Rus ekonomisi 2022\u2019nin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fczde 3,6 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrken, y\u0131l sonu itibar\u0131yla da yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 2,5 darald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fta Rusya Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler sayesinde, Rus rublesi de\u011fer kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 telafi ederek, dolar<\/a> kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 120 band\u0131ndan 60 rubleye kadar geriledi.<\/p>\n Al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler aras\u0131nda bankadan nakit d\u00f6viz \u00e7ekimine y\u00f6nelik sert k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, ihracat\u00e7\u0131 \u015firketlere d\u00f6viz gelirlerinin y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini satma zorunlulu\u011fu ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na para transferlerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n Rusya Federal G\u00fcmr\u00fck Servisi, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ithalat ve ihracat istatistiklerini yay\u0131nlamay\u0131 durdururken, \u00fclkede yap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re ithalat\u0131n 2022\u2019nin ilk 11 ay\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la k\u0131yasla yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 13 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketlerin bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fta McDonald\u2019s, IKEA, Zara ve H&M olmak \u00fczere y\u00fczlerce Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u015firket, yapt\u0131r\u0131m bask\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle Rusya\u2019dan \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Apple, Sony, Spotify gibi teknoloji \u015firketleri Rusya\u2019daki faaliyetlerini k\u0131s\u0131tlarken, ba\u015fta Rus \u015firketleri olmak \u00fczere Rusya\u2019n\u0131n dost kabul etti\u011fi \u015firketler, pazarda olu\u015fan bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Tekstil ve beyaz e\u015fya alanlar\u0131nda \u00c7inli ve T\u00fcrk \u015firketler faaliyet alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar atarken, Yandex ve VK gibi Rus internet \u015firketleri de Google gibi rakiplerin yerine yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnler geli\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n McDonald\u2019s yerine a\u00e7\u0131lan Vkusno i To\u00e7ka restoranlar\u0131 \u00fclkede h\u0131zla pop\u00fclerlik kazan\u0131rken, McDonald\u2019s d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanan doluluk oranlar\u0131n\u0131 yakalamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketlerin ayr\u0131lma karar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok etkiledi\u011fi sekt\u00f6rlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda ise otomotiv geldi.<\/p>\n Renault, Nissan ve Mercedes gibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 otomobil \u015firketleri Rusya\u2019dan \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 al\u0131rken, bu \u015firketler Rusya\u2019daki t\u00fcm varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Rus devletine devretti. Rusya\u2019da otomobil sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131, ekimde ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 62,8 azalarak 45 bine geriledi.<\/p>\n Rusya\u2019da \u00fcnl\u00fc Moskvi\u00e7 marka otomobillerin seri \u00fcretimi, Frans\u0131z \u015firketi Renault\u2019un \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tesiste ba\u015flarken, di\u011fer markalar\u0131n da tesislerinde benzer ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Rusya enerji ihracat\u0131nda alternatif pazarlar yarat\u0131yor<\/p>\n Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler, Rusya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n en kapsaml\u0131lar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Rus enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne uyguluyor.<\/p>\n Rusya Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Aleksandr Novak, 13 \u015eubat\u2019ta yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, mart ay\u0131nda petrol \u00fcretimini g\u00fcnl\u00fck 500 bin varil azaltacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n Rusya Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, ocak ay\u0131nda Ural petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn varil fiyat\u0131n\u0131n ortalama 49,48 dolar<\/a> oldu\u011fu belirtilirken, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ocak ay\u0131nda ortalama 85,64 dolar<\/a>dan i\u015flem g\u00f6ren Ural petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn varil fiyat\u0131n\u0131n 1 y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 42 ucuzlamas\u0131 dikkati \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n Do\u011fal gazda ise Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m as\u0131rd\u0131r en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fterisi olan Avrupa\u2019daki hakim konumu de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa gaz piyasas\u0131ndaki hakimiyeti azald\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00dclkenin do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretimi 2022\u2019de 673,8 milyar metrek\u00fcp d\u00fczeyinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken, ihracat ise y\u00fczde 25,1 azalarak 184,4 milyar metrek\u00fcpe d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Avrupa\u2019ya Rus gaz\u0131 sevkiyatlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ana hatlardan Kuzey Ak\u0131m boru hatt\u0131nda faaliyetler gerekli bak\u0131mlar\u0131n yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle A\u011fustos 2022\u2019de dururken, in\u015faat\u0131 tamamlanan Kuzey Ak\u0131m 2 hatt\u0131 ise Ukrayna\u2019daki sava\u015f nedeniyle faaliyete al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Her iki hatta da Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de patlamalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, do\u011fal gaz s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Gazprom\u2019un Avrupa\u2019ya do\u011fal gaz sevkiyat\u0131nda kritik role sahip bir ba\u015fka boru hatt\u0131 olan Yamal-Avrupa da art\u0131k yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar nedeniyle at\u0131l duruma d\u00fc\u015ferken, \u015firketin, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n, Sohranovka adl\u0131 do\u011fal gaz da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m noktas\u0131ndan sevkiyatlar\u0131 da May\u0131s 2022\u2019de durmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n S\u00f6z konusu giri\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131n kapanmas\u0131yla \u015firketin Ukrayna \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi do\u011fal gaz miktar\u0131 May\u0131s 2022\u2019de k\u0131yasla yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 60 azalm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n AB Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ursula von der Leyen, Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa do\u011fal gaz ithalat\u0131ndaki pay\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 40\u2019tan y\u00fczde 9\u2019a d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015fti. Rusya, pazar pay\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oranda d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 ba\u015fta \u00c7in olmak \u00fczere Asya piyasas\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fi do\u011fal gaz sevkiyatlar\u0131yla telafi etmeyi planl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Rusya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fal gaz\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015f piyasalara ihra\u00e7 edebilmek i\u00e7in ortaya koydu\u011fu son alternatif ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir do\u011fal gaz merkezi kurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelikti.<\/p>\n Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin, 12 Ekim\u2019de, \u201cYak\u0131t ve do\u011fal gaz kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in ana rotay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden sa\u011flayarak, Avrupa i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de do\u011fal gaz merkezi kurulabilir.\u201d ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Rusya Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Aleksandr Novak da AA muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede, yerini T\u00fcrkAk\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcney Ak\u0131m projesinin 4 hat \u00fczerinden y\u0131lda 63 milyar metrek\u00fcp kapasiteyle tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu potansiyelin T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya Rus gaz\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmesinde kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n Avrupa\u2019daki boru hatlar\u0131yla gaz ihracat piyasas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli oranda kaybeden Rusya i\u00e7in s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz (LNG) ihracat\u0131 stratejik \u00f6neme sahip.<\/p>\n \u2013 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi ve ikili ticarette d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm h\u0131z kazand\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar nedeniyle k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fime gitti\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden birisi de \u00fclkedeki d\u00f6viz kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelikti.<\/p>\n \u00d6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019le ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ticarette son 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r dolar<\/a> kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Rusya, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ile birlikte 2022\u2019de bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ekonominin t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131nda atmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Rusya Merkez Bankas\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re, \u00fclkenin ithalat ve ihracat\u0131nda dolar<\/a>\u0131n pay\u0131 2022\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011finde y\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fine k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 51,7\u2019den 33,9\u2019a geriledi. Avronun pay\u0131 da y\u00fczde 35,1\u2019den 18,7\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015ferken, yuan\u0131n pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 0,4\u2019ten 14,1\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Avrasya Ekonomik Birli\u011fi nezdinde yap\u0131lan ticarette de ba\u015fta ruble olmak \u00fczere ulusal para birimlerinin pay\u0131 2022\u2019de bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la k\u0131yasla 3,5 puan artarak y\u00fczde 74\u2019e y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin, Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u00fclkesindeki dolar<\/a>s\u0131zla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu ve buna y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar atmaya devam edeceklerini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Rusya Merkez Bankas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Elvira Nabiullina da Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Rusya\u2019da yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar nedeniyle dolar<\/a> ve avro kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ederek, \u201cDolar<\/a> ve avro, dondurulma riskleri nedeniyle \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi i\u00e7in zehirli hale geldi. Bu paralar\u0131 basanlar da bizim aktif bir \u015fekilde bu paralar\u0131 kullanmam\u0131z\u0131 istemiyorlar.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Rusya Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke rezervlerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Ulusal Refah Fonu\u2019nda \u201cdost olmayan\u201d \u00fclke para birimlerinin pay\u0131n\u0131 istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fini duyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Buna g\u00f6re, fonda yuan\u0131n azami pay s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 30\u2019dan 60\u2019a, alt\u0131n\u0131n azami pay s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 da y\u00fczde 20\u2019den 40\u2019a y\u00fckseltildi. Fonda art\u0131k dolar<\/a> bulundurulmazken avronun da y\u0131l sonuna kadar pay\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde s\u0131f\u0131ra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Rus yetkililer, Sberbank ve VTB gibi en \u00f6nemli bankalar\u0131n SWIFT\u2019ten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u201cdijital ruble\u201d ve kripto paralara y\u00f6nelik \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczenlemelerle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 da h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Dijital rubleye y\u00f6nelik testlerin bu y\u0131l ba\u015flamas\u0131 beklenirken, Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de kripto paralar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6demelerde kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli yasa tasar\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n