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Science dergisi, 2023’\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bulu\u015fu olarak, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa kapsaml\u0131 yarar sa\u011flama potansiyeli nedeniyle, kilo verdiren ila\u00e7lar\u0131 se\u00e7ti.Onu, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n yeni ke\u015ffedilen etkilerini ortaya koyan ve baz\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olma \u00fcmidiyle ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bulu\u015flar izliyor.Science dergisine g\u00f6re yapay zekadan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa, astronomiden arkeolojiye farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131 kapsayan bilimsel geli\u015fmeler \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n
YILIN \u00c7I\u011eIR A\u00c7AN BULU\u015eU: ZAYIFLAMA \u0130LA\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Science, hem bir “kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 krizi” hem de \u00e7etrefilli bir “ki\u015fisel m\u00fccadele” olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 obeziteye y\u00f6nelik ila\u00e7 tedavilerinin hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratan ge\u00e7mi\u015fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor:1940’l\u0131 y\u0131llardan itibaren kad\u0131nlar\u0131 hedefleyen sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z “g\u00f6kku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 diyet haplar\u0131ndan” 1990’larda y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7en ancak a\u011f\u0131r kalp ve akci\u011fer rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tetikleyenlere, bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n tarihi \u00e7ok say\u0131da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla g\u00f6lgelendi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ancak art\u0131k yeni tedaviler obezite ve bununla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kronik hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadelede umut verici bulunuyor.Yeni ila\u00e7lar, glukagon benzeri peptid-1 (GLP-1) ad\u0131 verilen ba\u011f\u0131rsak hormonunu taklit ediyor. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta diyabet i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n hafif yan etkilerle birlikte \u00f6nemli kilo kayb\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor.Science, GLP-1 ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Y\u0131l\u0131n \u00c7\u0131\u011f\u0131r A\u00e7an Bulu\u015fu olarak tan\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131, “bu y\u0131l yap\u0131lan klinik deneyler ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda kalp yetmezli\u011fi semptomlar\u0131n\u0131, kalp krizi ve fel\u00e7 riskini de azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu; bu da ila\u00e7lar\u0131n kilo vermenin \u00f6tesinde \u00f6nemli faydalara sahip oldu\u011funa dair en ikna edici kan\u0131t” diyerek a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Science’\u0131n 2023’\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli bilimsel ilerlemeleri listesinin ikinci s\u0131ras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 alanlarda yap\u0131lan dikkat \u00e7ekici ke\u015fifler var.Bunlardan ilki, “D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n karbon pompas\u0131 yava\u015fl\u0131yor” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan ve k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n gelecekte ba\u015flamas\u0131 beklenen bir etkisinin halihaz\u0131rda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun ke\u015ffi.Antarktika’da k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma nedeniyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm okyanuslar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan devasa ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n yava\u015flamas\u0131, k\u00fcresel karbon sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini tutan okyanuslar\u0131n, bu g\u00f6revi giderek daha az yerine getirebildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor.Bu devasa ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n ana \u00f6\u011felerinden biri, G\u00fcney Okyanusu’nun Antarktika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda tuzlu suyun okyanusta diplere do\u011fru ilerlemesi. Batan su atmosferden s\u0131cakl\u0131k, oksijen, karbondioksiti al\u0131p derinlere iletirken su da kuzeye do\u011fru yay\u0131l\u0131yor.Bu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131n, en \u00f6nemli karbon yataklar\u0131ndan olan okyanuslar\u0131n karbon tutma kapasitesini azaltarak k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.Bu y\u0131l yap\u0131lan farkl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flayan su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 20 ila y\u00fczde 30 aras\u0131nda yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu. Bilim insanlar\u0131 bu yava\u015flaman\u0131n y\u0131llar sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini bekliyordu. Do\u011fal hidrojen aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131yor” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli ilerleme fosil yak\u0131tlardan ye\u015fil yak\u0131tlara ge\u00e7i\u015fte \u00f6nemli bir pay sahibi olmas\u0131 beklenen hidrojenle ilgili.Science degisine g\u00f6re, 1987’de y\u0131l\u0131nda, Mali’de hidrojen arayan bir sondaj deli\u011fi, sigara i\u00e7ilmesi nedeniyle patlad\u0131ktan sonra betonla kapatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu deli\u011fi yeniden a\u00e7t\u0131, yanan gaz\u0131n y\u00fczde 98 oran\u0131nda hidrojen oldu\u011funu buldu. Bu kayna\u011fa jenerat\u00f6r ba\u011fland\u0131 ve bir k\u00f6y\u00fcn t\u00fcm elektri\u011fi buradan \u00fcretildi. \u00dcretimden at\u0131k olarak ortaya sadece su \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.Bu sene yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma bu sondaj deli\u011findeki hidrojen bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n 11 y\u0131ld\u0131r azalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; yani yerk\u00fcrenin derinliklerindeki bir kayna\u011f\u0131n, buradaki hidrojeni yeniliyor olabilece\u011fini buldu.Bu ke\u015fiften yola \u00e7\u0131karak yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki hidrojen kaynaklar\u0131 aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131 ve bu alandaki giri\u015fimlere en az 100 milyon dolar yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131.Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde 1 trilyon tondan fazla hidrojen bulundu\u011funu tahmin ediyor. Science’\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 buldu\u011fu bir di\u011fer geli\u015fme yapay zekan\u0131n hava durumu tahmini konusunda bug\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclen en iyi performans\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi.Yak\u0131n zamanda yay\u0131nlanan yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, Google DeepMind taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan GraphCast adl\u0131 yeni yapay zeka modelinin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en iyilerinden biri olan Avrupa Orta Vadeli Hava Tahmini sisteminden daha iyi performans g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftu. Science k\u0131sa vadede geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerin ortadan kalkmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenmedi\u011fini ancak yapay zekan\u0131n uzun vadede bunlar\u0131n yerini alabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. S\u0131tman\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Afrika’da \u00f6nlenmesi konusunda son y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan ilerlemeler bu sene daha kapsaml\u0131 uygulamalar i\u00e7in umuda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Science’a g\u00f6re D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn (WHO) R21\/Matrix-M adl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 genel kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in onaylamas\u0131 bu y\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bilimsel geli\u015fmeleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.Oxford \u00dcniversitesinde geli\u015ftirilen a\u015f\u0131, ana a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcreticilerinden Hindistan Serum Enstit\u00fct\u00fcs\u00fc’ne lisansland\u0131. \u015eirket dozaj maliyetinin 2 ila 4 dolar aras\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u015f\u0131dan y\u0131ll\u0131k 100 milyon doz \u00fcretebilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Science dergisine g\u00f6re 2023’te tedavisi konusunda \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 geli\u015fmelerin ya\u015fanad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen bir di\u011fer hastal\u0131k Alzheimer oldu.Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde (ABD), \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc faz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Donanemab” ilac\u0131n\u0131n Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilerlemesini y\u00fczde 35 oranda yava\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.Buna ek olarak “Lecanemab” adl\u0131 bir ba\u015fka ilac\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerlemesini y\u00fczde 27 yava\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftu.\u0130la\u00e7larla ilgili bili\u015fsel yava\u015flamadaki iyile\u015fmenin zamanla nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi merak ediliyor. Science dergisine g\u00f6re bir di\u011feri soru da bu tedavilerin y\u00fcksek hastal\u0131k riski ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015filere erken uygulanmas\u0131 durumunda semptomlar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirip geciktiremeyece\u011fi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Science dergisi, 2023’\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bulu\u015fu olarak, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa kapsaml\u0131 yarar sa\u011flama potansiyeli nedeniyle, kilo verdiren ila\u00e7lar\u0131 se\u00e7ti.Onu, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n yeni ke\u015ffedilen etkilerini ortaya koyan ve baz\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olma \u00fcmidiyle ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bulu\u015flar izliyor.Science dergisine g\u00f6re yapay zekadan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa, astronomiden arkeolojiye farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131 kapsayan bilimsel geli\u015fmeler \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralan\u0131yor: YILIN \u00c7I\u011eIR A\u00c7AN BULU\u015eU: ZAYIFLAMA \u0130LA\u00c7LARI Science,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22661,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem"],"yoast_head":"\n
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