vaka<\/a>s\u0131 saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 10 milyondan fazla kansere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm oldu\u011funu belirterek, bu verilere g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen her 6 \u00f6l\u00fcmden 1\u2019inin kansere ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etti. G\u00fcrkut, bu say\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 20 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 70 oran\u0131nda artmas\u0131n\u0131n beklendi\u011fini de kaydetti.<\/p>\n-Neden kanser oluyoruz?<\/p>\n
G\u00fcrkut, san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aksine kanserlerin sadece y\u00fczde 15\u2019inin anne babadan kal\u0131t\u0131m yoluyla ge\u00e7en genler nedeniyle geli\u015fti\u011fini, yani ailesel yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, y\u00fczde 35\u2019inin nedeninin rastgele mutasyonlar iken t\u00fcm kanserlerin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00e7evresel etkenlerle olu\u015ftu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n
-Risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc nedir?<\/p>\n
\u201cBir hastal\u0131\u011fa yatk\u0131n hale gelmemize ve hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanma \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 art\u0131ran durumlara\/etkenlere o hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n risk fakt\u00f6rleri denir. Kanser riskimizi art\u0131ran \u00e7e\u015fitli risk fakt\u00f6rleri vard\u0131r\u201d diyen G\u00fcrkut, \u201cMesela ya\u015f\u0131m\u0131z artt\u0131k\u00e7a kanser riskimiz de artar. Di\u011fer yandan baz\u0131 kanserler kad\u0131nlarda baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise erkeklerde daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in cinsiyet de bir risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kal\u0131t\u0131msal nedenlerle olu\u015fan kanser yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z da bir risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu gibi risk fakt\u00f6rlerimizi de\u011fi\u015ftirmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyen risk fakt\u00f6rleri olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
-De\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir risk fakt\u00f6rleri nelerdir?<\/p>\n
G\u00fcrkut, kanser riskini art\u0131ran \u201cde\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir risk fakt\u00f6rleri\u201d bulundu\u011funa da i\u015faret ederek, bunlar\u0131; \u00e7evresel etkenler, zararl\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar, beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, enfeksiyon ajanlar\u0131, kimyasal karsinojenler ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 olarak s\u0131ralad\u0131. <\/p>\n
G\u00fcrkut, \u201cT\u00fcm kanser nedenlerinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan bu fakt\u00f6rleri olumlu y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015ftirerek kansere yakalanma riskimizi y\u00fczde 80\u2019e kadar azaltabiliriz. Bu nedenle bu etkenlere de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir risk fakt\u00f6rleri diyoruz\u201d dedi. G\u00fcrkut, \u00e7evresel kanser yap\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda iyonize radyasyon ve ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekledi.<\/p>\n
\u2013 D\u00fcnyada kansere ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin y\u00fczde 22\u2019sinden t\u00fct\u00fcn\/sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131 sorumludur <\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fct\u00fcn ve t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini (sigara, puro vb.) kullanmak veya sadece duman\u0131na maruz kalmak kanser riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 en net \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilen zararl\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir\u201d diyen G\u00fcrkut, a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda devamla \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00d6yle ki t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kansere ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin y\u00fczde 22\u2019sinden t\u00fct\u00fcn\/sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131 sorumludur. Kansere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm nedenleri aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada yer alan akci\u011fer kanserlerinin y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 t\u00fct\u00fcn ve t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 geli\u015fir. E\u011fer t\u00fct\u00fcns\u00fcz bir d\u00fcnya yaratabilseydik akci\u011fer kanserlerinin y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nleyebilirdik. Sigara ve t\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131 sadece akci\u011fer kanserinin de\u011fil ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok kanser t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kalp ve damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkisi de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Her y\u0131l t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada sigara\/t\u00fct\u00fcn nedeni ile 8 milyon insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi, bunlar\u0131n 7 milyonu kendisi t\u00fct\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde 1 milyon ki\u015finin kendisi kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde t\u00fct\u00fcn duman\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in (pasif i\u00e7icilik) \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bildirilmektedir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131kla ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fine i\u015faret eden G\u00fcrkut, \u201cKanserler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en iyi bilineni alkol ile karaci\u011fer kanseri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkidir. Ancak alkol t\u00fcketiminin meme kanseri riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair veriler artmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca sigara i\u00e7en ki\u015filerin e\u015f zamanl\u0131 alkol kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n sinerjistik etki ile ba\u015f-boyun kanserlerinde art\u0131\u015fa sebep oldu\u011fu da bilinmektedir. Kanser riskini azaltmak i\u00e7in alkol kullanmamal\u0131 veya kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
\u201cSa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenmek, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir\u201d diyen G\u00fcrkut, \u201cKanserler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne yedi\u011fimiz kadar ne yemedi\u011fimiz de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ya\u011fl\u0131, taze meyve sebzeden, baklagiller ve tah\u0131llardan zengin bir beslenme, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 et t\u00fcketimini azalt\u0131p beyaz eti (bal\u0131k -tavuk) art\u0131rmak \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dclkemize ait Akdeniz tipi beslenme sadece kanserler de\u011fil kalp-damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131, diyabet, hipertansiyon gibi kronik hastal\u0131klar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da tavsiye edilmektedir. Di\u011fer yandan yiyeceklerimizi nas\u0131l saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve nas\u0131l pi\u015firdi\u011fimiz veya haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z da \u00f6nemlidir. K\u0131zartma yerine ha\u015flama ve \u0131zgaralara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermek tavsiye edilmektedir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenmek kadar sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruman\u0131n da bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131k gibi kanser a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu belirten G\u00fcrkut, obezite yani fazla kilolu olman\u0131n meme, rahim, kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak, yemek borusu kanseri gibi bir\u00e7ok kanser ile ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fine i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n
\u0130deal v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in beslenme kadar hareketli bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmenin de etkili ve faydal\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirten G\u00fcrkut, \u201cD\u00fczenli yap\u0131lan egzersizlerin bizi bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131ktan oldu\u011fu gibi meme, prostat, rahim ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserleri gibi kanserlerden de korudu\u011fu, hatta kanser hastalar\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel aktivitelerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f kal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcrkut, kansere yol a\u00e7abildi\u011fi bilinen belirli enfeksiyon ajanlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ederek, Hepatit B ve Hepatit C vir\u00fcslerinin karaci\u011fer kanserine neden olurken Human Papilloma Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn (HPV) ise rahim a\u011fz\u0131 kanseri, ba\u015f-boyun kanserleri ve genital b\u00f6lge kanserlerinin temel etmeni oldu\u011funu, bunlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Helicobacter Pilori isimli bakterinin mide kanserine neden oldu\u011funun da bilindi\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcrkut devamla \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
\u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Hepatit B a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile bu vir\u00fcse ba\u011fl\u0131 karaci\u011fer kanseri s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Hepatit C\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 hen\u00fcz a\u015f\u0131 mevcut olmamakla birlikte kan ve cinsel yolla bula\u015fan bu vir\u00fcsten korunmak da \u00f6nemlidir. HPV ise direkt temas ve cinsel yolla bula\u015fmakta ve yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde HPV\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 etkili a\u015f\u0131lar mevcuttur ve 9-26 ya\u015f aras\u0131 hem k\u0131zlara hem de erkeklere \u00f6nerilmektedir. HPV a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 ile \u00f6zellikle rahim a\u011fz\u0131 kanserlerinde y\u00fczde 70\u2019e yak\u0131n azalma hedeflenmektedir.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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