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<\/div>\nBat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da ge\u00e7en y\u0131l haftalarca s\u00fcren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131caklar, k\u00fcresel \u00e7ikolata \u00fcretiminin temelini olu\u015fturan kakao hasatlar\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiledi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bu durumun \u00fcretimde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe neden oldu\u011funu ve kakao fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 rekor seviyelere \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya kakao \u00fcretiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70\u2019ini kar\u015f\u0131layan Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, son y\u0131llarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, hastal\u0131klar ve dengesiz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flarla m\u00fccadele ediyor.<\/p>\n
Bu olumsuzluklar, kakao \u00fcretiminde azalmaya yol a\u00e7arak fiyatlar\u0131n h\u0131zla y\u00fckselmesine neden oldu.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rma grubu Climate Central\u2019\u0131n raporuna g\u00f6re, petrol, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve metan gaz\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak artan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, \u00f6zellikle Fildi\u015fi Sahili, Gana, Kamerun ve Nijerya\u2019da daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Fildi\u015fi Sahili ve Gana\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcreticiler oldu\u011fu vurgulan\u0131rken, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar s\u0131cakl\u0131k verilerini ve iklim modellerini inceleyerek k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkilerini de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n
Kakao \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kritik e\u015fik a\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor<\/strong> K\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n rekor seviyelere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda, incelenen b\u00f6lgelerin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinde en az 42 g\u00fcn boyunca s\u0131cakl\u0131k 32 derecenin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Bilim insanlar\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131caklar\u0131n kakao verimini ve kalitesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra unlu bit istilalar\u0131, d\u00fczensiz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 madencilik gibi di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlerin de kakao \u00fcretimini olumsuz etkiledi\u011fi ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n Kurakl\u0131k \u00fcreticileri zorluyor Raporda, 2023\u2019te a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar nedeniyle zarar g\u00f6ren kakao \u00fcretiminin, 2024\u2019te ise kurakl\u0131ktan olumsuz etkilendi\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n Christian Aid\u2019den Osai Ojigho, kakao \u00fcretiminin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yoksul b\u00f6lgelerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulayarak, \u201c\u0130nsan kaynakl\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi bu ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ciddi bir tehdit alt\u0131na sokuyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Fiyatlar tarihi seviyelere ula\u015ft\u0131<\/strong> Daha \u00f6nce uzun y\u0131llar boyunca 2 bin ila 3 bin dolar seviyelerinde seyreden fiyatlar, \u00e7ikolata \u00fcreticilerini de etkiliyor. \u0130svi\u00e7re merkezli Lindt & Spr\u00fcngli, artan kakao maliyetleri nedeniyle 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n Kurakl\u0131k ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit<\/strong> Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7\u00f6lle\u015fme ile M\u00fccadele S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, son 30 y\u0131lda D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n kara k\u00fctlesinin d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn daha kurak hale geldi\u011fi tespit edildi. Bilim insanlar\u0131, bu durumun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedeninin sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n Pricope, \u201cKurakl\u0131kla m\u00fccadele sadece \u00e7ikolatay\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, gezegenin ya\u015fam\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilme kapasitesini korumak i\u00e7in de kritik \u00f6neme sahip\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda, kakao \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in ideal s\u0131cakl\u0131k seviyesinin 32 derece oldu\u011fu belirtilirken, son on y\u0131lda bu seviyenin \u00fczerinde ge\u00e7en s\u0131cak g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 hafta artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edildi.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz yard\u0131m kurulu\u015fu Christian Aid\u2019in yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ise Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki kakao \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kaynakl\u0131 hava ko\u015fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015fen \u00fcretim, k\u00fcresel kakao fiyatlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015flara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 2023 sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren Londra ve New York borsalar\u0131nda kakao fiyatlar\u0131 h\u0131zla y\u00fckselirken, New York piyasas\u0131nda ton ba\u015f\u0131na fiyat 10 bin dolar\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Aral\u0131k 2023\u2019te ise fiyatlar 12 bin 500 dolar\u0131 a\u015farak rekor k\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Mississippi Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Profes\u00f6r Narcisa Pricope, kakao \u00fcretiminin \u00f6zellikle kurakl\u0131k nedeniyle \u201cvarolu\u015fsal bir tehdit\u201d ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n