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D\u00fcnya genelinde her 8 ki\u015fiden 1\u2019i obeziteyle ya\u015f\u0131yor, yeti\u015fkinlerde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolular\u0131n oran\u0131 1990\u2019dan bu yana yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 kat artt\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, 1990\u2019da 5-19 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuk ve ergenlerin sadece y\u00fczde 2\u2019si obezken 2022\u2019ye gelindi\u011finde bu oran 4 kat art\u0131\u015fa y\u00fczde 8\u2019e y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin en \u00f6nemli sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131ndan obezite, genel olarak \u201cbedenin ya\u011f k\u00fctlesinin ya\u011fs\u0131z k\u00fctleye oran\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 artmas\u0131 sonucu boy uzunlu\u011funa g\u00f6re v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n arzu edilen d\u00fczeyin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6), a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kiloyu \u201cv\u00fccutta a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f birikmesi durumu\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Obezite ise a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f birikimiyle tan\u0131mlanan kronik ve karma\u015f\u0131k sa\u011fl\u0131k problemi olarak ifade ediliyor, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilo ve enerji al\u0131m\u0131 ile harcanmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengesizlikten kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6, v\u00fccut kitle endeksine g\u00f6re 25\u2019in \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolu, 30\u2019un \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc ise obezite olarak kabul ediyor.<\/p>\n
Obezite, tip 2 diyabet ve kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskini art\u0131r\u0131rken kemik sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcremeyi de olumsuz etkileyebiliyor, baz\u0131 kanser t\u00fcrlerinin riskini \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131rken uyku bozuklu\u011funa veya hareket kabiliyetinde azalmaya neden olup ya\u015fam kalitesine olumsuz tesir ediyor.<\/p>\n
Daha \u00f6nce y\u00fcksek gelirli \u00fclke sorunu olarak kabul edilen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilo ve obezite, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelerde de art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya genelinde 18 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri 2,5 milyar yeti\u015fkin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolu, 890 milyondan fazlas\u0131 ise obez.<\/p>\n
18 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri yeti\u015fkinlerin y\u00fczde 43\u2019\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolu, bu oran 1990\u2019a g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat artt\u0131.<\/p>\n
5 ya\u015f alt\u0131 tahminen 37 milyon \u00e7ocuk a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolu, Afrika\u2019da ise bu oran 2000\u2019den bu yana neredeyse y\u00fczde 23 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n
A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolu veya obez 5 ya\u015f alt\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 Asya\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yor, 5-19 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki 390 milyondan fazla \u00e7ocuk ve ergen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolu.<\/p>\n
1990\u2019da 5-19 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuk ve ergenlerin sadece y\u00fczde 2\u2019si obezken 2022\u2019ye gelindi\u011finde bu oran 4 kat art\u0131\u015fla y\u00fczde 8\u2019e y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel obezite oranlar\u0131, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131nda y\u00fczde 1,7\u2019den 6,9\u2019a, erkeklerde ise y\u00fczde 2,1\u2019den 9,3\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fkinlerde en fazla obezite ada \u00fclkelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc<\/strong> \u0130ngiltere, obezite yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kad\u0131nlarda d\u00fcnyada 87\u2019nci, erkeklerde 55\u2019inci s\u0131rada, ABD ise kad\u0131nlarda 36\u2019nc\u0131, erkeklerde 10\u2019uncu s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n 2022\u2019de obezite, k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131nda en fazla Niue ve Cook Adalar\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc, burada \u00e7ocuk ve ergen n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 30\u2019undan fazlas\u0131 obeziteyle ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiltere, obezite yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131nda 72\u2019nci, erkeklerde ise 91\u2019inci s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye, 200 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda obezite oranlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kad\u0131nlarda 42\u2019nci, erkeklerde ise 60\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131rada bulunuyor.<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de obezite vakalar\u0131 artmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Beslenme ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131-2017\u201d raporunda 15 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri ki\u015filerde obezite s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 31,5 oldu\u011fu kaydedildi, bu oran kad\u0131nlarda y\u00fczde 39,1 ve erkeklerde 24,6 olarak tespit edildi.<\/p>\n Obezite, ekonomiye de zarar veriyor<\/strong> DS\u00d6\u2019ye g\u00f6re, herhangi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmamas\u0131 halinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilo ve obezitenin k\u00fcresel maliyetlerinin 2030\u2019a kadar y\u0131lda 3 trilyon, 2060\u2019a ise kadar 18 trilyon dolardan fazlas\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelerde obezite oranlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f, bir zamanlar yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcksek gelirli \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilendirilen bu sorunun h\u0131zla k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n Bu \u00fclkeler, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar ve yetersiz beslenme sorunlar\u0131yla bo\u011fu\u015furken obezite ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilo gibi bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 olmayan risk fakt\u00f6rlerinde de h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelerde ayn\u0131 anda yetersiz beslenme ve obezitenin bir arada bulundu\u011fu yayg\u0131n durumlar da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Obezite, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6nlenebiliyor<\/strong> Bireyler, ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn her a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6nleyici m\u00fcdahaleleri benimseyerek risklerini azaltabilir.<\/p>\n Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda \u201chamilelik d\u00f6neminde uygun kilo al\u0131m\u0131\u201d, \u201cdo\u011fumdan sonraki ilk 6 ay boyunca sadece anne s\u00fct\u00fcyle beslenmenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131\u201d, \u201c\u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenmesi\u201d, \u201cd\u00fczenli fiziksel aktivite\u201d, \u201cekran s\u00fcresinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131\u201d, \u201c\u015fekerli i\u00e7eceklerin ve enerji yo\u011fun g\u0131dalar\u0131n t\u00fcketiminin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131\u201d ve \u201csa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenme davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fvik edilmesi\u201d yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Obeziteyle m\u00fccadelenin bireyselin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra toplumsal sorumluluk oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 diyet ve d\u00fczenli fiziksel aktivite gibi g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n en eri\u015filebilir ve uygun \u00fccretli davran\u0131\u015flarla olabilece\u011fi ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n DS\u00d6\u2019ye g\u00f6re obeziteye kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fcresel eylem gerekiyor<\/strong> D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Asamblesi (DSA) K\u00fcresel Beslenme Hedefleri ile 2025\u2019e kadar diyabet ve obezitenin art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 durdurmay\u0131 da i\u00e7eren \u201cbula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 olmayan hastal\u0131klarla ilgili hedefler\u201d, DS\u00d6 \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n DSA da yayg\u0131n yetersiz beslenme sorununu ele almak i\u00e7in h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fcresel eyleme ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n 2022\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen 75. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Asamblesi\u2019nde \u00fcye \u00fclkeler, obezitenin \u00f6nlenmesi ve y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in yeni \u00f6nerileri kabul etmi\u015f, obeziteyi durdurmak amac\u0131yla DS\u00d6 H\u0131zland\u0131rma Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
\u0130ngiltere merkezli The Lancet dergisi taraf\u0131ndan DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn katk\u0131lar\u0131yla ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yay\u0131mlanan, 2022 verilerine dayand\u0131r\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir rapora g\u00f6re kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in obezitenin en yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelerin Tonga ve Amerikan Samoas\u0131, erkekler i\u00e7in ise yeti\u015fkin n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n obeziteyle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amerikan Samoas\u0131 ve Nauru\u2019nun oldu\u011fu bildirildi.<\/p>\n
Obezitenin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa oldu\u011fu gibi ekonomiye de olumsuz etkileri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6\u2019ye g\u00f6re a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilo, obezite ve bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 olmayan hastal\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6nlenebilir ve y\u00f6netilebilir oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6, y\u0131llard\u0131r k\u00fcresel obezite krizine acilen m\u00fcdahale edilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n