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<\/div>\nAnkara \u00dcniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi Co\u011frafya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Be\u015fer\u00ee \u0130ktisadi Co\u011frafya Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Mehmet Somuncu, 2024 K\u00fcresel Su \u0130zleme Raporu\u2019nda yer alan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcler do\u011frultusunda bu y\u0131l G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyi, G\u00fcney Afrika ve Asya\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artabilece\u011fini, Afrika Saheli ve Avrupa gibi daha nemli b\u00f6lgelerin ise artan sel riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinden \u00fcniversiteler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya gelerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Su \u0130zleme A\u011f\u0131 adl\u0131 konsorsiyum taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan 2024 K\u00fcresel Su \u0130zleme Raporu\u2019nda, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n iklim ve hava olaylar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar y\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtildi.<\/p>\n
Raporda, daha yo\u011fun sellerin, uzun s\u00fcreli kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n ve rekor k\u0131ran s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n suyu etkiledi\u011fine ve bu durumun su ile ilgili afetlerden kaynaklanan ya\u015fam, altyap\u0131 ve ekosistem risklerini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekildi. Suyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 afetler ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 8 bin 700\u2019den fazla ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olurken 40 milyon insan yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Suyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 afetlerin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri aras\u0131nda Afganistan ve Pakistan\u2019da 1084 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi ve 1,5 milyon ki\u015finin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sel felaketi ile G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya ve \u00c7in\u2019i etkileyen ve 844 ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi Typhoon Yagi Tayfunu g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n
AA muhabirine de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunan Prof. Dr. Somuncu, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l kurak aylar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, son y\u0131llarda yayg\u0131n olan bu durumun, 2024\u2019te, rekor d\u00fczeyde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 aylar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 1995-2005 baz d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re, y\u00fczde 38 daha fazla kurak ay\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Kurakl\u0131ktan ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015ftan etkilenen b\u00f6lgeler<\/strong><\/p>\n Somuncu, \u201c2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel kara alan\u0131ndaki ortalama y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 798 milimetre. K\u00fcresel ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131nda y\u0131lda 0,65 milimetrelik, istatistiksel a\u00e7\u0131dan anlaml\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f e\u011filimi var. Bu verilerden hem y\u00fcksek ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n hem de kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hale gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda rekor d\u00fczeyde y\u00fcksek 24 saatlik ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ekstremleri y\u00fczde 52 daha s\u0131k meydana geldi.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n 2024\u2019te rekor ve rekora yak\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n ya\u011f\u0131\u015f eksikli\u011fiyle birle\u015fmesinin bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede \u015fiddetli kurakl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiren Somuncu, \u201cDo\u011fu Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ile Rusya, 2024\u2019\u00fc ortalamadan \u00e7ok daha kuru ge\u00e7irdi. Kanada\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ABD\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131 ve Meksika\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine kadar uzanan alanlarda ortalaman\u0131n alt\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f meydana geldi. En geni\u015f ve ortalamadan \u00e7ok daha kuru ko\u015fullar G\u00fcney Amerika ve \u00f6zellikle Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde, Bolivya ve Peru\u2019da meydana geldi ve bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki bir\u00e7ok yerde kay\u0131tlardaki en kurak y\u0131l ya\u015fand\u0131.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, rekor ve rekora yak\u0131n ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu Afrika Saheli\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren b\u00f6lgelere anormal derecede y\u00fcksek ya\u011f\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc aktaran Somuncu, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ve Orta Rusya\u2019n\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu Orta Asya, Do\u011fu Mo\u011folistan ve Kuzeydo\u011fu \u00c7in\u2019de ortalaman\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde rekor d\u00fczeyde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n \u2013 \u201cY\u00fckselen deniz y\u00fczey suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha yo\u011fun sa\u011fanaklara neden oldu\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Tropikal siklonlar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle ABD ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da 520 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015fan ekonomik zarara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Somuncu, bu durumun tropikal siklonlar\u0131 2024\u2019\u00fcn en maliyetli felaketi haline getirdi\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n 2024\u2019teki deniz y\u00fczeyi s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Orta ve Kuzey Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun kuzey yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda ve Bat\u0131 Pasifik Okyanusu ile G\u00fcney Okyanusu\u2019nun baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda rekor s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda oldu\u011funu anlatan Prof. Dr. Somuncu, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n \u201cY\u00fckselen deniz y\u00fczeyi s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 Yagi Tayfunu gibi tropikal siklonlar\u0131 ve Amazon Havzas\u0131 ile G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019daki uzun s\u00fcreli kurakl\u0131klar\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ayr\u0131ca Boris F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 ve \u015fiddetli tropikal Tami F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi daha yo\u011fun sa\u011fanak ya\u011f\u0131\u015flara ve daha yava\u015f hareket eden f\u0131rt\u0131nalara neden oldu.\u201d<\/p>\n 2024 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n en s\u0131cak y\u0131l olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve Haziran 2023\u2019ten Temmuz 2024\u2019e kadar 14 ay boyunca rekor s\u0131cakl\u0131klar ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan Somuncu, eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131ndan itibaren y\u0131l\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda ayl\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 2023 kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n biraz alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n \u2013 \u201cSahel ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da 30 milyondan fazla insan yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Sel ve kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Afrika\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini etkiledi\u011fine ve \u015fiddetli kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Amazon Havzas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finen Somuncu, y\u00fczey suyu kapsam\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00f6l hacimlerinin, toprak ve yer alt\u0131 suyu depolama de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin Sahel b\u00f6lgesi ve Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019da su bask\u0131nlar\u0131na neden oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Mehmet Somuncu, Sahel b\u00f6lgesindeki nehir ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019daki kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 30 milyondan fazla insan\u0131 yerinden etti\u011fini, G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da mahsul \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve geni\u015f b\u00f6lgelerdeki g\u0131da g\u00fcvensizli\u011fini daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirdi\u011fini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n \u0130klimle ilgili su ve vekt\u00f6r kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerde artmas\u0131n\u0131n beklendi\u011fine ve tatl\u0131 su ekosistemlerinde \u00f6nemli hasarlar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve giderek geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kay\u0131plar\u0131n artaca\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken Somuncu, konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle tamamlad\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201c2025\u2019e y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm, artan riskler g\u00f6steriyor. Mevsimsel iklim tahminleri ve mevcut havza ko\u015fullar\u0131 G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyi, G\u00fcney Afrika ve Asya\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n potansiyel olarak k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015febilece\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor. Afrika Saheli ve Avrupa gibi b\u00f6lgeler artan sel riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ani seller, s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 ve orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olaylar\u0131n her yerde daha olas\u0131 hale gelmesine neden oluyor.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n