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<\/div>\nABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n ABD limanlar\u0131na yana\u015fan \u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 ya da \u00c7in band\u0131ral\u0131 gemilerden \u00fccret talep etme plan\u0131, deniz ticaretinde maliyetleri art\u0131rma riski ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlarla k\u00fcresel ticaretteki dengeleri sarsan ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Trump\u2019\u0131n yeni hedefi deniz yolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda Trump y\u00f6netimi, ABD\u2019nin gemi in\u015fa ve denizcilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden canland\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefleyen d\u00fczenlemeleri hayata ge\u00e7irmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Konuya ili\u015fkin kararname tasla\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, ABD\u2019nin denizcilik ve gemi in\u015fa sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda, ABD limanlar\u0131na yana\u015fan \u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 ya da \u00c7in band\u0131ral\u0131 gemilerden tonaj bazl\u0131 \u00fccretler talep edilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 gemilerle ayn\u0131 filoda bulunan gemilerden de \u00fccret al\u0131nmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor
Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7in men\u015feli bile\u015fenler kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilen, monte edilen veya herhangi bir \u015fekilde \u00c7in ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen kargo elle\u00e7leme ekipmanlar\u0131na g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifeleri uygulanmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, in\u015fa edildi\u011fi veya bayrakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer fark etmeksizin, \u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 veya \u00c7in bayrakl\u0131 gemilerle ayn\u0131 filoda bulunan gemilere de ABD limanlar\u0131na giri\u015fte ek \u00fccretler uygulanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Kararname tasla\u011f\u0131nda, ABD limanlar\u0131na yana\u015fan \u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 ya da \u00c7in band\u0131ral\u0131 gemilerden ne kadar \u00fccret al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ya da bu \u00fccretin nas\u0131l hesaplanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmiyor. Ancak ABD Ticaret Temsilcili\u011fi (USTR) raporuna g\u00f6re, bu gemilere 1,5 milyon dolara kadar \u00fccret uygulanmas\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n
USTR, konuya ili\u015fkin 24 Mart\u2019a kadar kamuoyundan yorum bekliyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in\u2019in gemi in\u015fa pazar\u0131ndaki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 50\u2019nin \u00fczerinde<\/strong> S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi halinde b\u00fcy\u00fck konteyner ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in maliyet art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirebilece\u011fi tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar, \u00fccretlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in daha az limana u\u011framak gibi \u00f6nlemler alacakt\u0131r<\/strong> Uygulaman\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7mesi halinde okyanus konteyner ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in daha az limana u\u011frama gibi \u00f6nlemler alabilece\u011fini belirten Sand, bu durumun ABD\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klara ve gecikmelere neden olabilece\u011fini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n Sand, t\u00fcm gemi t\u00fcrlerinin dahil edilmesi halinde k\u00fcresel filonun y\u00fczde 23\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019de in\u015fa edildi\u011finin bilgisini payla\u015ft\u0131. Sand ayr\u0131ca, t\u00fcm konteyner gemilerinin y\u00fczde 39\u2019unun \u00c7in\u2019de in\u015fa edildi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n \u201cMaliyetin tamam\u0131 ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya ve nihai t\u00fcketiciye yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r\u201d<\/strong> \u201cEn u\u00e7 se\u00e7enek, ABD\u2019ye hizmet verecek bir \u2018\u00d6zel Ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u015eirket\u2019 kurmak olacakt\u0131r. Sipari\u015f defteri olmayan ve sadece \u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 olmayan gemileri hizmetlerde kullanacak bir \u015firket. Daha az u\u00e7 bir se\u00e7enek ise, \u00f6denen toplam \u00fccretleri s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in ABD\u2019de daha az limana u\u011framak ve bunlar\u0131n hepsini \u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 olmayan gemilerle yapmak olacakt\u0131r. Maliyetin tamam\u0131 ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya ve nihai t\u00fcketiciye yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Bu durum ithal edilen mallar\u0131n kar marj\u0131na ve ithalat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bu kadar y\u00fcksek bir maliyet art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 absorbe etme kabiliyetine ba\u011fl\u0131 olacak.\u201d<\/p>\n Sand, bu durumun nakliyeciler, ithalat\u00e7\u0131lar ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar i\u00e7in daha y\u00fcksek maliyetlere yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini vurgulayarak, \u201cBu ticaret \u00fczerinde bir vergi olacakt\u0131r, ki bu da talep \u00fczerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olacak bir durum, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fc\u015fterilerin sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc azalacakt\u0131r.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n \u201cBenzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir belirsizlik i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in iyi de\u011fil\u201d<\/strong> Sand, \u201c\u015eu anda, s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen engellerle nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bilmedikleri i\u00e7in fel\u00e7 olmu\u015f ve belirsizlik i\u00e7indeler. Benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir belirsizlik i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in iyi de\u011fil.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n ABD\u2019de enflasyonun son d\u00f6nemdeki y\u00fckseli\u015fine i\u015faret eden Sand, bunun muhtemelen daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcye gidece\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Deniz yolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 gemiler \u00f6nemli bir paya sahip. \u00c7in\u2019in gemi in\u015fa pazar\u0131ndaki pay\u0131n\u0131n 1999\u2019da y\u00fczde 5\u2019in alt\u0131ndayken 2023\u2019te y\u00fczde 50\u2019nin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydediliyor.<\/p>\n
Navlun piyasas\u0131 analiz firmas\u0131 Xeneta Ba\u015fanalisti Peter Sand, AA muhabirine, Trump y\u00f6netiminin ABD limanlar\u0131na yana\u015fan \u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 gemilerden \u00fccret alma plan\u0131n\u0131n deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel ticaret ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na etkilerini de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck nakliye \u015firketlerinin bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe nas\u0131l uyum sa\u011flayabilece\u011fine de de\u011finen Sand, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
\u0130thalat\u00e7\u0131 nakliyecilerin 2018-2019 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ticaret sava\u015f\u0131yla \u201ciyi ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d aktaran Sand, Kanada ve Meksika \u00fczerinden ABD\u2019ye mal getirmek i\u00e7in yeni ticaret yollar\u0131 olu\u015fturduklar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n