<\/p>\n
\n\tExeter \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde haz\u0131rlanan ve The Guardian gazetesinin yer verdi\u011fi yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ilk y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 iklim e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tBezos Earth Fund taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen K\u00fcresel E\u015fik Noktalar\u0131 raporu, s\u0131cak su mercan resiflerinin uzun vadeli bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecine girdi\u011fini ve bu durumun y\u00fcz milyonlarca insan\u0131n ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etti\u011fini ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
\n\t23 \u00fclkeden 87 kurum ve 160 bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n sanayi \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re 1,5 santigrat dereceye yakla\u015fmas\u0131yla mercan resiflerinin \u201cyayg\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u201d evresine girdi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n
\n\tRapora g\u00f6re, t\u00fcm deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte birine ev sahipli\u011fi yapan s\u0131cak su resifleri, 1 ila 1,5 santigrat derece aras\u0131ndaki bir \u0131s\u0131nma d\u00fczeyinde kritik e\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
\n\tBu e\u015fi\u011fin merkez de\u011feri 1,2 derece olarak belirlenirken, mevcut k\u00fcresel ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,4 dereceye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u201cK\u00fcresel ortalama y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede 1,2 dereceye ve nihayetinde en az 1 dereceye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmedi\u011fimiz s\u00fcrece, s\u0131cak su mercan resiflerini anlaml\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte koruyamayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d ifadesine yer verildi.<\/p>\n
\n\tRapor, Ocak 2023\u2019te ba\u015flayan ve kay\u0131tlardaki en \u015fiddetli d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u00fcresel mercan a\u011farma dalgas\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tY\u00fcksek okyanus s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131, 80\u2019den fazla \u00fclkedeki resiflerin y\u00fczde 80\u2019inden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi. Bilim insanlar\u0131 bu durumu \u201cke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeye giri\u015f\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tExeter \u00dcniversitesi K\u00fcresel Sistemler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Profes\u00f6r Tim Lenton, \u201cArt\u0131k e\u015fik noktalar\u0131n\u0131 gelecekteki bir risk olarak konu\u015famay\u0131z\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
\n\tLenton, \u201cS\u0131cak su mercan resiflerinin yayg\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7i\u015fi \u00e7oktan ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu ise, resif ekosistemlerine g\u0131da, k\u0131y\u0131 korumas\u0131 ve gelir i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00fcz milyonlarca insan\u0131 etkiliyor\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\n\tRaporda, \u00f6zellikle Karayipler\u2019deki resiflerin deniz \u0131s\u0131 dalgalar\u0131, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131 ve mercan hastal\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle \u201c\u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi\u201d vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tAncak baz\u0131 uzmanlar, raporun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na temkinli yakla\u015f\u0131yor. Queensland \u00dcniversitesinden mercan resifleri uzman\u0131 Profes\u00f6r Peter Mumby, resiflerin ciddi bir gerileme i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu kabul etmekle birlikte, baz\u0131 mercan t\u00fcrlerinin 2 dereceye kadar \u0131s\u0131nmaya uyum sa\u011flayabilece\u011fine dair yeni kan\u0131tlar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\n\tMumby, \u201cagresif\u201d iklim eylemi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yaparken, mercan ekosistemlerinin tamamen yok olaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uyard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tMumby, \u201cBaz\u0131lar\u0131 raporu mercan resiflerinin \u00e7\u00f6kece\u011fi anlam\u0131nda yorumlayabilir, ben buna kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum\u201d dedi ve bu t\u00fcr kaderci yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n insanlar\u0131 resiflerden umudu kesmeye itebilece\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n
\n\tRaporun e\u015f yazarlar\u0131ndan ve WWF-UK\u2019nin ba\u015f bilim dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Dr. Mike Barrett ise \u201cArt\u0131k mercan resiflerinin korunmas\u0131 her zamankinden daha kritik. Oyun de\u011fi\u015fti ve yan\u0131t\u0131n da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc derecede h\u0131zl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekiyor\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesini yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tBarrett, iklim etkilerine do\u011fal olarak daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olan \u201cmercangil s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n, gelecekteki toparlanma i\u00e7in \u201cyeniden do\u011fu\u015f tohumlar\u0131\u201d olabilece\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tUluslararas\u0131 Mercan Resifleri Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Dr. Tracy Ainsworth da mercan ekosistemlerinin bir \u201cd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d ve \u201cyeniden yap\u0131lanma\u201d s\u00fcrecinde oldu\u011funu, pek \u00e7ok resifin art\u0131k mercan h\u00e2kimiyetini veya t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini yitirdi\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n
\n\tAvustralya Deniz Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ise The Guardian\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, k\u00fcresel de\u011ferlendirmelerin b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 gizleyebilece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu ve \u201ck\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klar hen\u00fcz sabitlenmemi\u015fken hareket etmek i\u00e7in dar bir f\u0131rsat penceresinin h\u00e2l\u00e2 a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu\u201d bildirdi.<\/p>\n
\n\tRapora g\u00f6re, Bat\u0131 Antarktika ve Gr\u00f6nland buz tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 da erimenin h\u0131zlanmas\u0131yla \u201c\u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe tehlikeli derecede yak\u0131n.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n\tBu s\u00fcre\u00e7, deniz seviyelerinin y\u00fckselmesine do\u011frudan katk\u0131da bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
\n\tProfes\u00f6r Lenton, \u201cMevcut projeksiyonlar do\u011frultusunda 2030 civar\u0131nda 1,5 derece e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015faca\u011f\u0131z\u201d diyerek, gezegenin \u201cart\u0131k risklerin h\u0131zla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlikeli bir b\u00f6lgeye\u201d girdi\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada ayr\u0131ca Amazon ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n da ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve artan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar nedeniyle geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcz bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe her zamankinden daha yak\u0131n olabilece\u011fi kaydedildi.<\/p>\n
\n\tBuna kar\u015f\u0131n rapor, toplumda \u201columlu e\u015fik noktalar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n da tetiklenebilece\u011fini belirtti. Elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 gibi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmada h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir etki yaratabilece\u011fi vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tLenton, \u201cArt\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f, bu olumlu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm noktalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7ekerek, D\u00fcnya sistemindeki yeni e\u015fiklerin yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netilemez sonu\u00e7lardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ad\u0131na veriliyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n