<\/p>\n
\n\tArtan hava s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fine ve bunun olas\u0131 etkilerine odaklanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma, “\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Avrupa havalimanlar\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki u\u00e7ak g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerindeki etkileri” ad\u0131yla Aerospace dergisinde yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\t1985-2014 d\u00f6neminin haziran-temmuz-a\u011fustos verilerini baz alarak aralar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul, Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7en ve Antalya’n\u0131n da oldu\u011fu Avrupa’daki 30 havaliman\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyelerini inceleyen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, 10 farkl\u0131 iklim modeli kullanarak 2035-2064 d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerde bulundu.<\/p>\n
\n\tAvrupa u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan Airbus A320’nin seferleri \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, u\u00e7ak g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, havalimanlar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde ya\u015fayanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kabul edilebilir seviye olan 50 desibel olarak belirlendi.<\/p>\n
\n\tS\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte havan\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funun azalmas\u0131 u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015ftaki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek kalk\u0131\u015ftan sonra daha uzun s\u00fcre al\u00e7ak irtifada seyretmesine neden olurken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015ftaki y\u00fckselme a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama y\u00fczde 1 ila y\u00fczde 3 azalmas\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cak g\u00fcnlerde ise bu oran\u0131n y\u00fczde 7,5’i bulmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n
\n\tBunun sonucunda kalk\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek zorunda kalan u\u00e7aklar yere yak\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015f s\u00fcrelerini art\u0131rarak, eski a\u00e7\u0131da kalk\u0131\u015f yapan u\u00e7aklar ise daha fazla motor g\u00fcc\u00fc kullanarak daha geni\u015f bir alan\u0131n g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcden etkilenmesine neden olacak.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilen Londra’da, halihaz\u0131rda yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 bin ki\u015fi A320 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 50 desibel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye maruz kal\u0131rken 2050’ye gelindi\u011finde etkilenecek ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2 bin 500 artaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n
\n\tAra\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yazarlar\u0131ndan Reading \u00dcniversitesi Meteoroloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Dr. Jonny Williams, AA muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin hava yolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden etkiledi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\n\tWilliams, hava t\u00fcrb\u00fclanslar\u0131 ile havalimanlar\u0131nda su bask\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n, bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geldi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin hava yoluna etkisinin bir ba\u015fka boyutuna odakland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 aktaran Williams, “Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z, Akdeniz’den Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyine kadar, \u0130skandinavya\u2019y\u0131 da kapsayan bir alanda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Genel olarak, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma nedeniyle u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015f esnas\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseli\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimin her yerde neredeyse ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu tespit ettik.” dedi.<\/p>\n
\n\tWilliams, kalk\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren temel fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn hava yo\u011funlu\u011fundaki de\u011fi\u015fim oldu\u011funa, bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin en \u00e7ok s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
\n\tBu nedenle ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda yaz aylar\u0131na odakland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Williams, baz\u0131 havalimanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda yaz mevsimine k\u0131yasla daha yo\u011fun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n geni\u015fletilerek di\u011fer mevsimlerin de incelenmesinin ilgin\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
\n\tWilliams, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nemli bir etmen oldu\u011funa de\u011finerek, “Kritik nokta, havalimanlar\u0131n\u0131n veya \u00e7evresindeki yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi durumunda etkilenen n\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artabilece\u011fi. T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fc\u00e7 havaliman\u0131 (\u0130stanbul, Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7en ve Antalya) \u00e7evresindeki n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu, Avrupa’daki baz\u0131 havalimanlar\u0131na nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fundan, etkilenecek ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olacak.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, m\u00fchendislik veya motor itme g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler dikkate al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Williams, \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmeleri payla\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n
\n\t“U\u00e7ak motorlar\u0131 giderek sessizle\u015fse de ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkileri, ba\u015fka iyile\u015ftirmeler yap\u0131lsa bile u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015f verimlili\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek. S\u0131cak havalarda t\u0131rmanma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in daha fazla itme g\u00fcc\u00fc uygulanmas\u0131 gerekiyor ve bu da yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131ndaki g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesini art\u0131r\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 havalimanlar\u0131, b\u00f6lge sakinlerinin evlerinde g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem alabilmeleri i\u00e7in finansal destek sa\u011flayan programlar da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, genel olarak, bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nlemlerden faydalanabilecek hane say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artabilece\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor. Haneler i\u00e7in \u00f6neriler sunmak bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olsa da iklim kriziyle m\u00fccadeleye her g\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ad\u0131mlarla katk\u0131da bulunabiliriz.”<\/p>\n
\n\tReading \u00dcniversitesi nisan ay\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada da k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n s\u0131cak hava yo\u011funlu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015ftaki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc azaltmas\u0131 nedeniyle 2060’lara gelindi\u011finde, pistleri k\u0131sa baz\u0131 havalimanlar\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek u\u00e7u\u015flarda, her u\u00e7akta yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 yolcu azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilece\u011fini hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tBu durumdan en \u00e7ok etkilenecek havalimanlar\u0131 Yunanistan’daki Sak\u0131z Adas\u0131, \u0130talya\u2019daki Pantelleria Adas\u0131 ile Roma’daki Ciampino ve \u0130spanya\u2019daki San Sebastian olarak s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tGe\u00e7en y\u0131l ayn\u0131 \u00fcniversite taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ise iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle y\u00fckselen hava s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrb\u00fclans olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada en yo\u011fun u\u00e7u\u015f rotalar\u0131ndan biri olan Kuzey Atlantik\u2019te, 1979\u2019da y\u0131ll\u0131k 17,7 saat olan \u015fiddetli t\u00fcrb\u00fclans s\u00fcresi 2020\u2019de 27,4 saate \u00e7\u0131karak yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 55 artt\u0131. Orta \u015fiddetli t\u00fcrb\u00fclanslarda bu s\u00fcre y\u00fczde 37 artarak 70 saatten 96 saate y\u00fckseldi. Avrupa, Orta Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Atlantik rotalar\u0131nda da son 41 y\u0131lda t\u00fcrb\u00fclans s\u00fcrelerinde de\u011fi\u015fen oranlarda art\u0131\u015flar kaydedildi.<\/p>\n