<\/p>\n
\n\tEski Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) Filistin Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Prof. Dr. Richard Falk ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Prof. Dr. Cemil Birsel Konferans Salonu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenen “Gazze Mahkemesi: Nihai Oturum”un ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fcnde “Su\u00e7lar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 oturum ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bu oturumda, \u0130srail’in “a\u00e7 b\u0131rakma, ekolojik k\u0131r\u0131m ve ev y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131” de\u011ferlendirildi.<\/p>\n
\n\tOturum, \u00fc\u00e7 ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta yap\u0131ld\u0131. “A\u00e7 b\u0131rakma” konusundaki konu\u015fmalar, eski BM Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu’daki Filistinli M\u00fcltecilere Yard\u0131m ve Bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131k Ajans\u0131 (UNRWA) Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc ve Gazze A\u015fevi’nin kurucusu Hani Almadhoun ile eski BM G\u0131da Hakk\u0131 \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Hilal Elver taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\t“Ekolojik k\u0131r\u0131m” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Bethlehem \u00dcniversitesi’nden Prof. Dr. Mazin Qumsiyeh ve Liverpool \u00dcniversitesi’nden Prof. David Whyte de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu. “Ev y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131” konusuna ise Filistinli gazeteci Mohamed Al Helou ve BM Konut Hakk\u0131 \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Balakrishnan Rajagopal de\u011findi.<\/p>\n
\n\tArd\u0131ndan, Gazze\u2019deki a\u00e7l\u0131k, ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m ve evlerin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan ki\u015filerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na \u015fahit olan g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ifadeleri dinlendi.<\/p>\n
\n\tGazze A\u015fevi’nin kurucusu Almadhoun “A\u00e7 B\u0131rakma ve Tasarlanm\u0131\u015f K\u0131tl\u0131k: Engellenen Yard\u0131mlar ve Gazze’yi Besleme M\u00fccadelesi” isimli \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i bir sunum yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tAlmadhoun, 9 Ekim 2023 itibariyle \u0130srail’in Gazze \u015eeridi’ne g\u0131da, ila\u00e7 ve di\u011fer temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n giri\u015fini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engelledi\u011fini belirterek, “Son iki y\u0131lda bir miktar asgari yard\u0131ma izin verildi ancak bu yard\u0131mlar, Filistinlilerin hayatta kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in asla yeterli olmad\u0131.” dedi.<\/p>\n
\n\tZaman zaman ya\u011fan ya\u011fmurlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yeti\u015fen bitkilerden yap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli yiyeceklerle halk\u0131n \u00e7ok az bir k\u0131sm\u0131na ancak g\u0131da sa\u011flayabildiklerini aktaran Almadhoun, “Anneler ve b\u00fcy\u00fckanneler sokaklarda yere y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle ge\u00e7en yaz ve bu yaz da Gazze’de bir\u00e7ok k\u0131tl\u0131k dalgas\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tAlmadhoun, \u0130srail’in ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmalar\u0131 sonras\u0131 bile Gazze’ye yeterli insani yard\u0131m\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi\u011fini belirterek, insanl\u0131\u011fa ve uluslararas\u0131 camiaya \u0130srail’in Gazze’yi bile isteye a\u00e7 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini kabul ederek, bunu yaymas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n
\n\tEski BM G\u0131da Hakk\u0131 \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Elver ise “k\u0131tl\u0131k ilan\u0131 ve insani yard\u0131m\u0131n silah haline getirilmesi” konusunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, uzun s\u00fcre BM ad\u0131na raporlar tuttu\u011funu, d\u00fcnyada insan haklar\u0131 \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir\u00e7ok \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgesi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tElver, Gazze n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 91’inin g\u0131da g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve on binlerce insan\u0131n k\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
\n\t“\u0130srail g\u0131da kuyru\u011funda olan ki\u015fileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. K\u0131tl\u0131k ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2025’te k\u0131tl\u0131k artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, sistem \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 2 binden fazla ki\u015fi yard\u0131m beklerken hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Temmuz’da Gazzeliler g\u00fcnlerce yemek yiyemeyecek hale geldi. Devasa s\u00fcreli bir k\u0131tl\u0131k. \u0130nsani yard\u0131m silahland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar, herkes \u00f6ld\u00fc. Uluslararas\u0131 sistemler i\u015f beceremedi. Gazze\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 insani yard\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131 var. Kasten yap\u0131lan k\u0131tl\u0131k su\u00e7u asla unutulmamal\u0131, normalle\u015ftirilmemeli ve affedilmemeli.”<\/p>\n
\n\tHossam Shabat, Tevfik Al-Hams, Hadeel Alharazin, Sundus Zaqout, Mahmoud Muin Ayyash, Laith Arafat, Rola Darwish, Usama Abo Safer ise “a\u00e7l\u0131k” su\u00e7unun g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131 olarak konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\n\t“Ekolojik k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n boyutlar\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Bethlehem \u00dcniversitesinden Prof. Dr. Qumsiyeh, “Gazze \u015eeridi’nde Son \u0130ki Y\u0131lda Soyk\u0131r\u0131mla Birlikte Ya\u015fanan Ekolojik Katliam\u0131n Boyutu” sunumunu \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kat\u0131larak yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tQumsiyeh, soyk\u0131r\u0131m ifadesinden yaln\u0131zca insanlar\u0131n de\u011fil, hayvanlar\u0131n ve do\u011fan\u0131n da katledilmesinin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u0130srail’in milyonlarca a\u011fac\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden s\u00f6kerek b\u00f6lgedeki do\u011fal ekosisteme uzun s\u00fcredir b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar verdi\u011fini kaydeden Qumsiyeh, “Bu \u00e7evresel y\u0131k\u0131m, ‘ekolojik Nekbe’ olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz bir s\u00fcrece d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve 7 Ekim 2023’ten bu yana daha da h\u0131zland\u0131.” dedi.<\/p>\n
\n\tQumsiyeh, \u0130srail’in Gazze’deki nadir ve nesli t\u00fckenmekte olan bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcr\u00fcn do\u011fal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 tahrip etti\u011fini, beyaz fosfor ve radyoaktif madde i\u00e7eren m\u00fchimmat gibi \u00e7evreye zararl\u0131 silahlar\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n
\n\tGazze’de a\u00e7l\u0131k, h\u0131zla yay\u0131lan hastal\u0131klar, kanalizasyon sorunlar\u0131, fare ve di\u011fer hayvanlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bula\u015fan parazitlerin halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ciddi bir tehdit haline geldi\u011fini kaydeden Qumsiyeh, “\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Gazze’deki \u00e7evre felaketinden \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, bombalamalarda \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131s\u0131ndan daha fazla olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyorum.” \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\n\tLiverpool \u00dcniversitesi’nden Prof. Whyte da “Ekolojik Katliam ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131mla Olan Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i sunum yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tWhyte, tar\u0131m ve i\u00e7me suyu da dahil olmak \u00fczere toprak, su, hava ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin tamam\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130srail’in askeri stratejisinin bilin\u00e7li bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tGazze’deki tar\u0131m arazilerinin tahribinin, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve bal\u0131k tutma kapasitesinin hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n da Gazze’yi ya\u015fanmaz hale getirmeye y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcrekli ve kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir giri\u015fim oldu\u011funu belirten Whyte, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
\n\t“Gazze’ye yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir petrol sava\u015f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanamaz. Ancak \u0130srail sava\u015f makinesinin ayakta kalmas\u0131n\u0131n tek sebebi Orta Do\u011fu’da petrol bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Gazze’ye yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131, jeopolitik ve \u00f6zellikle petrol, do\u011falgaz ve petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla ayr\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
\n\tWhyte, Gazze’ye at\u0131lan m\u00fchimmat\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n “hen\u00fcz patlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” hat\u0131rlatarak, bu durumun enkazlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lma a\u015famas\u0131nda tehlike olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u0130srailli askerlere, t\u00fcm yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri, kamu binalar\u0131, e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131, camiler ve mezarl\u0131klar da dahil olmak \u00fczere her \u015feyi kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve sistematik bir \u015fekilde yok etme emri verildi\u011fini aktaran Whyte, Gazze’deki bombard\u0131manlar\u0131n \u00e7evreye b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar verdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\n\tWhyte, b\u00f6lgedeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 97’sinin, seralar dahil hasat yap\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin y\u00fczde 82’sinin, \u00e7al\u0131larla kapl\u0131 alanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 95’inin ve otlaklar\u0131n y\u00fczde 89’unun tahrip oldu\u011funu kaydetti.<\/p>\n
\n\tBu konuda g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131 Ahmad Jabr Baraka, Laith Arafa ve Nabeel Jumah da ifade verdi.<\/p>\n
\n\t“Konutlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ise Filistinli gazeteci Al Helou “Evler Hedef Oldu\u011funda: Gazze’den Bir Tan\u0131kl\u0131k” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i bir sunum yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tAl Helou, \u0130srail’in Gazze’deki soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce bir gazetecilik \u00f6\u011frencisi oldu\u011funu ifade ederek, \u0130srail’in katliam\u0131ndan kurtulmay\u0131 ba\u015faran “\u015fansl\u0131” bir gazeteci oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\n\tEskiden ailesi ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile birlikte gezdi\u011fi sokak ve restoranlar\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan \u00f6nce ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 yerle bir olmu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini payla\u015fan Al Helou, \u015fu anda b\u00fct\u00fcn sokaklar\u0131n tamamen yok oldu\u011funu, \u00e7o\u011fu restoran sahibinin ise ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n
\n\tBM Konut Hakk\u0131 \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Rajagopal “Gazze’nin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu tutulmak ve hesap vermek i\u00e7in ya\u015fam y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131” konusunda konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\n\tRajagopal, Gazze’ye ate\u015fkes sonucu d\u00f6nen ki\u015filerin evlerini yeniden bulamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130srail bombard\u0131manlar\u0131 sonucu yerle\u015fim yerlerinin y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, Tel Aviv y\u00f6netiminin Gazze’deki altyap\u0131y\u0131 yok ederek ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 tahrip etti\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n
\n\tEvlerin ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yok edilmesinin psikolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkilerinin oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatan Rajagopal, “Konutlar\u0131n ve mahallelerin kitlesel y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n, yani somut olmayan bir miras\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na ve derin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7ar. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6zellikle bebekler, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve engelli bireyler i\u00e7in r\u00fczgara, so\u011fu\u011fa ve s\u0131ca\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli ve emniyetli bir yerin kayb\u0131n\u0131n insani etkileri s\u00f6z konusu.” de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n
\n\tRajagopal, \u0130srail’in haks\u0131z eylemlerinden sorumlu oldu\u011funa ve t\u00fcm haklar\u0131n iadesi i\u00e7in tazminat sa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkati \u00e7ekerek, Gazze Mahkemesi’nin bu aray\u0131\u015fta \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n
\n\tMevcut ate\u015fkese ra\u011fmen yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 milyon insan\u0131n, acil bar\u0131nma ihtiyac\u0131 bulundu\u011funu belirten Rajagopal, bunun nedeninin ise k\u0131\u015f\u0131n yakla\u015fmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok say\u0131da enkaz\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle hijyen sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirdi.<\/p>\n